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Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2019 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors :
Feigin, Valery L. Stark, Benjamin A. Johnson, Catherine Owens Roth, Gregory A. Bisignano, Catherine Abady, Gdiom Gebreheat Abbasifard, Mitra Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abd-Allah, Foad Abedi, Vida Abualhasan, Ahmed Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen Me Abushouk, Abdelrahman, I Adebayo, Oladimeji M. Agarwal, Gina Agasthi, Pradyumna Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Sohail Ahmadi, Sepideh Salih, Yusra Ahmed Aji, Budi Akbarpour, Samaneh Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola Al Hamad, Hanadi Alahdab, Fares Alif, Sheikh Mohammad Alipour, Vahid Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almustanyir, Sami Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Salman, Rustam Al-Shahi Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Ancuceanu, Robert Anderlini, Deanna Anderson, Jason A. Ansar, Adnan Antonazzo, Ippazio Cosimo Arabloo, Jalal Arnlov, Johan Artanti, Kurnia Dwi Aryan, Zahra Asgari, Samaneh Ashraf, Tahira Athar, Mohammad Atreya, Alok Ausloos, Marcel Baig, Atif Amin Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin Banach, Maciej Barboza, Miguel A. Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn Barnighausen, Till Winfried Barone, Mark Thomaz Ugliara Basu, Sanjay Bazmandegan, Gholamreza Beghi, Ettore Beheshti, Mahya Bejot, Yannick Bell, Arielle Wilder Bennett, Derrick A. Bensenor, Isabela M. Bezabhe, Woldesellassie Mequanint Bezabih, Yihienew Mequanint Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bijani, Ali Bikbov, Boris Birhanu, Mulugeta M. Boloor, Archith Bonny, Aime Brauer, Michael Brenner, Hermann Bryazka, Dana Butt, Zahid A. dos Santos, Florentino Luciano Caetano Campos-Nonato, Ismael R. Cantu-Brito, Carlos Carrero, Juan J. Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A. Catapano, Alberico L. Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo Charan, Jaykaran Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan Chowdhury, Enayet Karim Chu, Dinh-Toi Chung, Sheng-Chia Colozza, David Costa, Vera Marisa Costanzo, Simona Criqui, Michael H. Dadras, Omid Dagnew, Baye Dai, Xiaochen Dalal, Koustuv Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura D'Amico, Emanuele Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Gela, Jiregna Darega Davletov, Kairat De La Cruz-Gongora, Vanessa Desai, Rupak Dhamnetiya, Deepak Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Dhimal, Mandira Lamichhane Dhimal, Meghnath Diaz, Daniel Dichgans, Martin Dokova, Klara Doshi, Rajkumar Douiri, Abdel Duncan, Bruce B. Eftekharzadeh, Sahar Ekholuenetale, Michael El Nahas, Nevine Elgendy, Islam Y. Elhadi, Muhammed El-Jaafary, Shaimaa, I Endres, Matthias Endries, Aman Yesuf Erku, Daniel Asfaw Faraon, Emerito Jose A. Farooque, Umar Farzadfar, Farshad Feroze, Abdullah Hamid Filip, Irina Fischer, Florian Flood, David Gad, Mohamed M. Gaidhane, Shilpa Gheshlagh, Reza Ghanei Ghashghaee, Ahmad Ghith, Nermin Ghozali, Ghozali Ghozy, Sherief Gialluisi, Alessandro Giampaoli, Simona Gilani, Syed Amir Gill, Paramjit Singh Gnedovskaya, Elena, V Golechha, Mahaveer Goulart, Alessandra C. Guo, Yuming Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gyanwali, Pradip Hafezi-Nejad, Nima Hamidi, Samer Hanif, Asif Hankey, Graeme J. Hargono, Arief Hashi, Abdiwahab Hassan, Treska S. Hassen, Hamid Yimam Havmoeller, Rasmus J. Hay, Simon, I Hayat, Khezar Hegazy, Mohamed, I Herteliu, Claudiu Holla, Ramesh Hostiuc, Sorin Househ, Mowafa Huang, Junjie Humayun, Ayesha Hwang, Bing-Fang Iacoviello, Licia Iavicoli, Ivo Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen Ilic, Irena M. Ilic, Milena D. Iqbal, Usman Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah Iso, Hiroyasu Isola, Gaetano Iwagami, Masao Jacob, Louis Jain, Vardhmaan Jang, Sung-In Jayapal, Sathish Kumar Jayaram, Shubha Jayawardena, Ranil Jeemon, Panniyammakal Jha, Ravi Prakash Johnson, Walter D. Jonas, Jost B. Joseph, Nitin Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy Jurisson, Mikk Kalani, Rizwan Kalhor, Rohollah Kalkonde, Yogeshwar Kamath, Ashwin Kamiab, Zahra Kanchan, Tanuj Kandel, Himal Karch, Andre Katoto, Patrick D. M. C. Kayode, Gbenga A. Keshavarz, Pedram Khader, Yousef Saleh Khan, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Imteyaz A. Khan, Maseer Khan, Moien A. B. Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli Khubchandani, Jagdish Kim, Gyu Ri Kim, Min Seo Kim, Yun Jin Kisa, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Kivimaki, Mika Kolte, Dhaval Koolivand, Ali Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Koyanagi, Ai Krishan, Kewal Krishnamoorthy, Vijay Krishnamurthi, Rita, V Kumar, G. Anil Kusuma, Dian La Vecchia, Carlo Lacey, Ben Lak, Hassan Mehmood Lallukka, Tea Lasrado, Savita Lavados, Pablo M. Leonardi, Matilde Li, Bingyu Li, Shanshan Lin, Hualiang Lin, Ro-Ting Liu, Xuefeng Lo, Warren David Lorkowski, Stefan Lucchetti, Giancarlo Saute, Ricardo Lutzky Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd El Magnani, Francesca Giulia Mahajan, Preetam Bhalchandra Majeed, Azeem Makki, Alaa Malekzadeh, Reza Malik, Ahmad Azam Manafi, Navid Mansournia, Mohammad Ali Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni Martini, Santi Mazzaglia, Giampiero Mehndiratta, Man Mohan Menezes, Ritesh G. Meretoja, Atte Mersha, Amanual Getnet Jonasson, Junmei Miao Miazgowski, Bartosz Miazgowski, Tomasz Michalek, Irmina Maria Mirrakhimov, Erkin M. Mohammad, Yousef Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah Mohammed, Shafiu Mokdad, Ali H. Mokhayeri, Yaser Molokhia, Mariam Moni, Mohammad Ali Al Montasir, Ahmed Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah Morawska, Lidia Morze, Jakub Muruet, Walter Musa, Kamarul Imran Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Naghavi, Mohsen Swamy, Sreenivas Narasimha Nascimento, Bruno Ramos Negoi, Ruxandra Irina Kandel, Sandhya Neupane Nguyen, Trang Huyen Norrving, Bo Noubiap, Jean Jacques Nwatah, Vincent Ebuka Oancea, Bogdan Odukoya, Oluwakemi Ololade Olagunju, Andrew T. Orru, Hans Owolabi, Mayowa O. Padubidri, Jagadish Rao Pana, Adrian Parekh, Tarang Park, Eun-Cheol Kan, Fatemeh Pashazadeh Pathak, Mona Peres, Mario F. P. Perianayagam, Arokiasamy Pham, Truong-Minh Piradov, Michael A. Podder, Vivek Polinder, Suzanne Postma, Maarten J. Pourshams, Akram Radfar, Amir Rafiei, Alireza Raggi, Alberto Rahim, Fakher Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa Rahman, Mosiur Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Rahmani, Amir Masoud Rajai, Nazanin Ranasinghe, Priyanga Rao, Chythra R. Rao, Sowmya J. Rathi, Priya Rawaf, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Reitsma, Marissa B. Renjith, Vishnu Renzaho, Andre M. N. Rezapour, Aziz Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia Roever, Leonardo Romoli, Michele Rynkiewicz, Andrzej Sacco, Simona Sadeghi, Masoumeh Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi Sahebkar, Amirhossein Saif-Ur-Rahman, Km Salah, Rehab Samaei, Mehrnoosh Samy, Abdallah M. Santos, Itamar S. Santric-Milicevic, Milena M. Sarrafzadegan, Nizal Sathian, Brijesh Sattin, Davide Schiavolin, Silvia Schlaich, Markus P. Schmidt, Maria Ines Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth Sepanlou, Sadaf G. Seylani, Allen Sha, Feng Shahabi, Saeed Shaikh, Masood Ali Shannawaz, Mohammed Shawon, Md Shajedur Rahman Sheikh, Aziz Sheikhbahaei, Sara Shibuya, Kenji Siabani, Soraya Silva, Diego Augusto Santos Singh, Jasvinder A. Singh, Jitendra Kumar Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna Sobaih, Badr Hasan Stortecky, Stefan Stranges, Saverio Tadesse, Eyayou Girma Tarigan, Ingan Ukur Temsah, Mohamad-Hani Teuschl, Yvonne Thrift, Amanda G. Tonelli, Marcello Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto Tran, Bach Xuan Tripathi, Manjari Tsegaye, Gebiyaw Wudie Ullah, Anayat Unim, Brigid Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran Vakilian, Alireza Tahbaz, Sahel Valadan Vasankari, Tommi Juhani Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy Vervoort, Dominique Vo, Bay Volovici, Victor Vosoughi, Kia Vu, Giang Thu Vu, Linh Gia Wafa, Hatem A. Waheed, Yasir Wang, Yanzhong Wijeratne, Tissa Winkler, Andrea Sylvia Wolfe, Charles D. A. Woodward, Mark Wu, Jason H. Hanson, Sarah Wulf Xu, Xiaoyue Yadav, Lalit Yadollahpour, Ali Jabbari, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Yamagishi, Kazumasa Yatsuya, Hiroshi Yonemoto, Naohiro Yu, Chuanhua Yunusa, Ismaeel Zaman, Muhammed Shahriar Bin Zaman, Sojib Zamanian, Maryam Zand, Ramin Zandifar, Alireza Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhina, Anasthasia Zhang, Yunquan Zhang, Zhi-Jiang Zhong, Chenwen Zuniga, Yves Miel H. Murray, Christopher J. L. Feigin, Valery L. Stark, Benjamin A. Johnson, Catherine Owens Roth, Gregory A. Bisignano, Catherine Abady, Gdiom Gebreheat Abbasifard, Mitra Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen Abd-Allah, Foad Abedi, Vida Abualhasan, Ahmed Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen Me Abushouk, Abdelrahman, I Adebayo, Oladimeji M. Agarwal, Gina Agasthi, Pradyumna Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Sohail Ahmadi, Sepideh Salih, Yusra Ahmed Aji, Budi Akbarpour, Samaneh Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola Al Hamad, Hanadi Alahdab, Fares Alif, Sheikh Mohammad Alipour, Vahid Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Almustanyir, Sami Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. Salman, Rustam Al-Shahi Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Ancuceanu, Robert Anderlini, Deanna Anderson, Jason A. Ansar, Adnan Antonazzo, Ippazio Cosimo Arabloo, Jalal Arnlov, Johan Artanti, Kurnia Dwi Aryan, Zahra Asgari, Samaneh Ashraf, Tahira Athar, Mohammad Atreya, Alok Ausloos, Marcel Baig, Atif Amin Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin Banach, Maciej Barboza, Miguel A. Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn Barnighausen, Till Winfried Barone, Mark Thomaz Ugliara Basu, Sanjay Bazmandegan, Gholamreza Beghi, Ettore Beheshti, Mahya Bejot, Yannick Bell, Arielle Wilder Bennett, Derrick A. Bensenor, Isabela M. Bezabhe, Woldesellassie Mequanint Bezabih, Yihienew Mequanint Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bijani, Ali Bikbov, Boris Birhanu, Mulugeta M. Boloor, Archith Bonny, Aime Brauer, Michael Brenner, Hermann Bryazka, Dana Butt, Zahid A. dos Santos, Florentino Luciano Caetano Campos-Nonato, Ismael R. Cantu-Brito, Carlos Carrero, Juan J. Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A. Catapano, Alberico L. Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo Charan, Jaykaran Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan Chowdhury, Enayet Karim Chu, Dinh-Toi Chung, Sheng-Chia Colozza, David Costa, Vera Marisa Costanzo, Simona Criqui, Michael H. Dadras, Omid Dagnew, Baye Dai, Xiaochen Dalal, Koustuv Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura D'Amico, Emanuele Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Gela, Jiregna Darega Davletov, Kairat De La Cruz-Gongora, Vanessa Desai, Rupak Dhamnetiya, Deepak Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda Dhimal, Mandira Lamichhane Dhimal, Meghnath Diaz, Daniel Dichgans, Martin Dokova, Klara Doshi, Rajkumar Douiri, Abdel Duncan, Bruce B. Eftekharzadeh, Sahar Ekholuenetale, Michael El Nahas, Nevine Elgendy, Islam Y. Elhadi, Muhammed El-Jaafary, Shaimaa, I Endres, Matthias Endries, Aman Yesuf Erku, Daniel Asfaw Faraon, Emerito Jose A. Farooque, Umar Farzadfar, Farshad Feroze, Abdullah Hamid Filip, Irina Fischer, Florian Flood, David Gad, Mohamed M. Gaidhane, Shilpa Gheshlagh, Reza Ghanei Ghashghaee, Ahmad Ghith, Nermin Ghozali, Ghozali Ghozy, Sherief Gialluisi, Alessandro Giampaoli, Simona Gilani, Syed Amir Gill, Paramjit Singh Gnedovskaya, Elena, V Golechha, Mahaveer Goulart, Alessandra C. Guo, Yuming Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gyanwali, Pradip Hafezi-Nejad, Nima Hamidi, Samer Hanif, Asif Hankey, Graeme J. Hargono, Arief Hashi, Abdiwahab Hassan, Treska S. Hassen, Hamid Yimam Havmoeller, Rasmus J. Hay, Simon, I Hayat, Khezar Hegazy, Mohamed, I Herteliu, Claudiu Holla, Ramesh Hostiuc, Sorin Househ, Mowafa Huang, Junjie Humayun, Ayesha Hwang, Bing-Fang Iacoviello, Licia Iavicoli, Ivo Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen Ilic, Irena M. Ilic, Milena D. Iqbal, Usman Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah Iso, Hiroyasu Isola, Gaetano Iwagami, Masao Jacob, Louis Jain, Vardhmaan Jang, Sung-In Jayapal, Sathish Kumar Jayaram, Shubha Jayawardena, Ranil Jeemon, Panniyammakal Jha, Ravi Prakash Johnson, Walter D. Jonas, Jost B. Joseph, Nitin Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy Jurisson, Mikk Kalani, Rizwan Kalhor, Rohollah Kalkonde, Yogeshwar Kamath, Ashwin Kamiab, Zahra Kanchan, Tanuj Kandel, Himal Karch, Andre Katoto, Patrick D. M. C. Kayode, Gbenga A. Keshavarz, Pedram Khader, Yousef Saleh Khan, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Imteyaz A. Khan, Maseer Khan, Moien A. B. Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli Khubchandani, Jagdish Kim, Gyu Ri Kim, Min Seo Kim, Yun Jin Kisa, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Kivimaki, Mika Kolte, Dhaval Koolivand, Ali Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Koyanagi, Ai Krishan, Kewal Krishnamoorthy, Vijay Krishnamurthi, Rita, V Kumar, G. Anil Kusuma, Dian La Vecchia, Carlo Lacey, Ben Lak, Hassan Mehmood Lallukka, Tea Lasrado, Savita Lavados, Pablo M. Leonardi, Matilde Li, Bingyu Li, Shanshan Lin, Hualiang Lin, Ro-Ting Liu, Xuefeng Lo, Warren David Lorkowski, Stefan Lucchetti, Giancarlo Saute, Ricardo Lutzky Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd El Magnani, Francesca Giulia Mahajan, Preetam Bhalchandra Majeed, Azeem Makki, Alaa Malekzadeh, Reza Malik, Ahmad Azam Manafi, Navid Mansournia, Mohammad Ali Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni Martini, Santi Mazzaglia, Giampiero Mehndiratta, Man Mohan Menezes, Ritesh G. Meretoja, Atte Mersha, Amanual Getnet Jonasson, Junmei Miao Miazgowski, Bartosz Miazgowski, Tomasz Michalek, Irmina Maria Mirrakhimov, Erkin M. Mohammad, Yousef Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah Mohammed, Shafiu Mokdad, Ali H. Mokhayeri, Yaser Molokhia, Mariam Moni, Mohammad Ali Al Montasir, Ahmed Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah Morawska, Lidia Morze, Jakub Muruet, Walter Musa, Kamarul Imran Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Naghavi, Mohsen Swamy, Sreenivas Narasimha Nascimento, Bruno Ramos Negoi, Ruxandra Irina Kandel, Sandhya Neupane Nguyen, Trang Huyen Norrving, Bo Noubiap, Jean Jacques Nwatah, Vincent Ebuka Oancea, Bogdan Odukoya, Oluwakemi Ololade Olagunju, Andrew T. Orru, Hans Owolabi, Mayowa O. Padubidri, Jagadish Rao Pana, Adrian Parekh, Tarang Park, Eun-Cheol Kan, Fatemeh Pashazadeh Pathak, Mona Peres, Mario F. P. Perianayagam, Arokiasamy Pham, Truong-Minh Piradov, Michael A. Podder, Vivek Polinder, Suzanne Postma, Maarten J. Pourshams, Akram Radfar, Amir Rafiei, Alireza Raggi, Alberto Rahim, Fakher Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa Rahman, Mosiur Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Rahmani, Amir Masoud Rajai, Nazanin Ranasinghe, Priyanga Rao, Chythra R. Rao, Sowmya J. Rathi, Priya Rawaf, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Reitsma, Marissa B. Renjith, Vishnu Renzaho, Andre M. N. Rezapour, Aziz Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia Roever, Leonardo Romoli, Michele Rynkiewicz, Andrzej Sacco, Simona Sadeghi, Masoumeh Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi Sahebkar, Amirhossein Saif-Ur-Rahman, Km Salah, Rehab Samaei, Mehrnoosh Samy, Abdallah M. Santos, Itamar S. Santric-Milicevic, Milena M. Sarrafzadegan, Nizal Sathian, Brijesh Sattin, Davide Schiavolin, Silvia Schlaich, Markus P. Schmidt, Maria Ines Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth Sepanlou, Sadaf G. Seylani, Allen Sha, Feng Shahabi, Saeed Shaikh, Masood Ali Shannawaz, Mohammed Shawon, Md Shajedur Rahman Sheikh, Aziz Sheikhbahaei, Sara Shibuya, Kenji Siabani, Soraya Silva, Diego Augusto Santos Singh, Jasvinder A. Singh, Jitendra Kumar Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna Sobaih, Badr Hasan Stortecky, Stefan Stranges, Saverio Tadesse, Eyayou Girma Tarigan, Ingan Ukur Temsah, Mohamad-Hani Teuschl, Yvonne Thrift, Amanda G. Tonelli, Marcello Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto Tran, Bach Xuan Tripathi, Manjari Tsegaye, Gebiyaw Wudie Ullah, Anayat Unim, Brigid Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran Vakilian, Alireza Tahbaz, Sahel Valadan Vasankari, Tommi Juhani Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy Vervoort, Dominique Vo, Bay Volovici, Victor Vosoughi, Kia Vu, Giang Thu Vu, Linh Gia Wafa, Hatem A. Waheed, Yasir Wang, Yanzhong Wijeratne, Tissa Winkler, Andrea Sylvia Wolfe, Charles D. A. Woodward, Mark Wu, Jason H. Hanson, Sarah Wulf Xu, Xiaoyue Yadav, Lalit Yadollahpour, Ali Jabbari, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Yamagishi, Kazumasa Yatsuya, Hiroshi Yonemoto, Naohiro Yu, Chuanhua Yunusa, Ismaeel Zaman, Muhammed Shahriar Bin Zaman, Sojib Zamanian, Maryam Zand, Ramin Zandifar, Alireza Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhina, Anasthasia Zhang, Yunquan Zhang, Zhi-Jiang Zhong, Chenwen Zuniga, Yves Miel H. Murray, Christopher J. L.
Publication Year :
2021
Abstract
Background Regularly updated data on stroke and its pathological types, including data on their incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability, risk factors, and epidemiological trends, are important for evidence-based stroke care planning and resource allocation. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) aims to provide a standardised and comprehensive measurement of these metrics at global, regional, and national levels. Methods We applied GBD 2019 analytical tools to calculate stroke incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and the population attributable fraction (PAF) of DALYs (with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]) associated with 19 risk factors, for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. These estimates were provided for ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, and all strokes combined, and stratified by sex, age group, and World Bank country income level. Findings In 2019, there were 12.2 million (95% UI 11.0-13.6) incident cases of stroke, 101 million (93.2-111) prevalent cases of stroke, 143 million (133-153) DALYs due to stroke, and 6.55 million (6.00-7.02) deaths from stroke. Globally, stroke remained the second-leading cause of death (11.6% [10.8-12.2] of total deaths) and the third-leading cause of death and disability combined (5.7% [5.1-6.2] of total DALYs) in 2019. From 1990 to 2019, the absolute number of incident strokes increased by 70.0% (67.0-73.0), prevalent strokes increased by 85.0% (83.0-88.0), deaths from stroke increased by 43.0% (31.0-55.0), and DALYs due to stroke increased by 32.0% (22.0-42.0). During the same period, age-standardised rates of stroke incidence decreased by 17.0% (15.0-18.0), mortality decreased by 36.0% (31.0-42.0), prevalence decreased by 6.0% (5.0-7.0), and DALYs decreased by 36.0% (31.0-42.0). However, among people younger than 70 years, prevalence rates increased by 22.0% (21.0-24.0) and incidence rates