SDC 2019: 4th international conference on shaft design and construction held in Toronto, Ontario, 18-20 November 2019. Proceedings.

The conference included several papers on shaft projects in potash and precious metal mines and others on accessing salt, polyhalite, coal, base metal and alloy metal deposits, as well as presentations on particular aspects such as design and construction, mechanisation, theoretical approaches, blind sinking, ground freezing, raise drilling, drilling/blasting, sinking stages or Galloways, shaft bottoms, NATM lining design, lining deterioration assessment/remediation, closed shafts, rehabilitation, headframes, hoist capacity, hoist plants, piping, wireless communication, economics, standards, regulations and future developments. Projects discussed included mines in Saskatchewan (6 papers), Idaho, Nebraska, Mexico (2 papers), New South Wales, China (4 papers), South Africa (2 papers), Zambia, UK (2 papers), Belarus, Poland and Portugal.
The conference included several papers on shaft projects in potash and precious metal mines and others on accessing salt, polyhalite, coal, base metal and alloy metal deposits, as well as presentations on particular aspects such as design and construction, mechanisation, theoretical approaches, blind sinking, ground freezing, raise drilling, drilling/blasting, sinking stages or Galloways, shaft bottoms, NATM lining design, lining deterioration assessment/remediation, closed shafts, rehabilitation, headframes, hoist capacity, hoist plants, piping, wireless communication, economics, standards, regulations and future developments. Projects discussed included mines in Saskatchewan (6 papers), Idaho, Nebraska, Mexico (2 papers), New South Wales, China (4 papers), South Africa (2 papers), Zambia, UK (2 papers), Belarus, Poland and Portugal.