The use of waste materials as a substitution of quarried clay or as an addition to the brick feed: a bibliographic review. Part 1.

Waste materials that have been investigated include: internally sourced clay cut-offs and fired brick grog: spoil soil from excavations in construction, tunnelling and road works; flue gas scrubber waste; sand and stone-cutting sludge for use as body additives; pulverised fly ash and bottom ash from power and heat generation and waste incineration; coke breeze and coal slurry fines from power or heat generation; glass from the glass, glass-fibre and mineral-fibre sectors; water treatment residue, water cake, water sludge, waste water cake and ash from water purification and waste water treatment; paper sludge and paper ash from paper manufacture; glaze, clay and fired ware from the pottery sector; scoriae, oxides, galvanic sludge, chromium plating sludge, lathe lubricants, way oils, salt slag, foundry sands and foundry slags from the metal recycling and metal processing sectors; sugar, starch, oil, alcohol and yeast from food processing and waste biomass; dust from the wood sector; powder coatings from surface treatment; polystyrene from packaging; dyeing sludge and waste fibres and yarns from the textile industry; waste water treatment sludge from tanning; and muds from the drilling sector. The only waste that has gained wide acceptance in the hollow or cored brick industry, and to some extent the facing brick industry, is paper sludge. Some of the detrimental effects of employing various wastes can be overcome with the use of appropriate additives. The benefits and disadvantages of applying energy-rich wastes as body fuel for brick firing are also discussed.
Waste materials that have been investigated include: internally sourced clay cut-offs and fired brick grog: spoil soil from excavations in construction, tunnelling and road works; flue gas scrubber waste; sand and stone-cutting sludge for use as body additives; pulverised fly ash and bottom ash from power and heat generation and waste incineration; coke breeze and coal slurry fines from power or heat generation; glass from the glass, glass-fibre and mineral-fibre sectors; water treatment residue, water cake, water sludge, waste water cake and ash from water purification and waste water treatment; paper sludge and paper ash from paper manufacture; glaze, clay and fired ware from the pottery sector; scoriae, oxides, galvanic sludge, chromium plating sludge, lathe lubricants, way oils, salt slag, foundry sands and foundry slags from the metal recycling and metal processing sectors; sugar, starch, oil, alcohol and yeast from food processing and waste biomass; dust from the wood sector; powder coatings from surface treatment; polystyrene from packaging; dyeing sludge and waste fibres and yarns from the textile industry; waste water treatment sludge from tanning; and muds from the drilling sector. The only waste that has gained wide acceptance in the hollow or cored brick industry, and to some extent the facing brick industry, is paper sludge. Some of the detrimental effects of employing various wastes can be overcome with the use of appropriate additives. The benefits and disadvantages of applying energy-rich wastes as body fuel for brick firing are also discussed.