Wound healing response is a major contributor to the severity of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the ear model of infection.

In the conventional mouse model for cutaneous leishmaniasis involving infection with stationary phase Leishmania major promastigotes at the base of the tail, mice congenic for leishmaniasis resistance loci designated lmr1,2,3 cured their lesions more rapidly and laid down more ordered collagen fibres than the susceptible parental BALB/c mice, while the opposite was the case for the congenic mice carrying the susceptibility loci on the resistant C57BL/6 background. In that model, we showed that wound healing and not T cell responses played a major role in determining the resolution of skin infection. Here, we show a similar disease phenotype in the mouse model that mimics more closely the situation in humans, that is, strictly intradermal infection in the ear pinna with small numbers of metacyclic promastigotes. The data show that at the site of infection the innate and adaptive immune responses act in concert to clear parasites, and induce tissue repair and wound healing. Importantly, the data show that the host responses controlled by the lmr loci, which act locally to control infection in the skin, are distinct from the host responses operating systemically in the draining lymph node. © 2007 The Authors.