Biogas Production Systems and Upgrading Technologies: A Review

The underutilized biomass and different organic waste streams are nowadays in the focus of research for renewable energy production due to the effusive use of fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emission. In addition, one of the major environmental problems is also a constant increase of the number of organic waste streams. In a lot of countries, sustainable waste management, including waste prevention and reduction, has become a priority as a means to reduce pollution and greenhouse gas emission. Application of biogas technology is one of the promising methods to provide solutions for both actual energy-related and environmental problems. This review aims to present conventional and novel biogas production systems, as well as purification and upgrading technologies, nowadays applicable on a large scale, with a special focus on the CO2 and H2S removal. It also gives an overview of feedstock and the parameters important for biogas production, together with digestate utilization and application of molecular biology in order to improve the biogas production.
Nedovoljno iskorištena biomasa i različiti tokovi organskog otpada su u današnje vrijeme u fokusu istraživanja proizvodnje obnovljive energije, zbog raširene upotrebe fosilnih goriva i emisije stakleničkih plinova. Osim toga, jedan od glavnih ekoloških problema je stalno povećanje broja tokova organskog otpada. U mnogim je zemljama održivo gospodarenje otpadom, uključujući prevenciju i smanjenje otpada, postalo prioritet radi smanjenja onečišćenja okoliša i emisije stakleničkih plinova. Primjena tehnologije proizvodnje bioplina jedna je od obećavajućih metoda traženja rješenja za aktualne energetske i ekološke probleme. Svrha je ovog preglednog rada bila prikazati konvencionalne i nove sustave za proizvodnju bioplina te tehnologije pročišćavanja i obogaćivanja bioplina, koje se danas primjenjuju u velikom mjerilu, s posebnim naglaskom na uklanjanje CO2 i H2S. Ovaj rad također daje pregled sirovina i parametara važnih za proizvodnju bioplina, kao i podataka o korištenju digestata i primjeni molekularne biologije za poboljšanje proizvodnje bioplina.