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Unraveling the Complex Behavior of Mrk 421 with Simultaneous X-Ray and VHE Observations during an Extreme Flaring Activity in 2013 April

Authors :
Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany)
Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica
Swiss National Science Foundation
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España)
European Commission
Department of Atomic Energy (India)
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan)
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
Ministry of Education, Youth and Science (Bulgaria)
Academy of Finland
Croatian Science Foundation
University of Rijeka
German Research Foundation
National Centre for Research and Development (Poland)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil)
Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US)
Department of Energy (US)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France)
Russian Science Foundation
Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
John Templeton Foundation
Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation
Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Chile)
Acciari, Victor
Ansoldi, S.
Antonelli, L. A.
Arbet Engels, A.
Baack, D.
Babić, A.
Banerjee, B.
Barres de Almeida, U.
Barrio, J. A.
Becerra González, J.
Bednarek, Wlodek
Palatiello, M.
Max-Moerbeck, W.
MAGIC Collaboration
Readhead, A. C. S.
Lähteenmäki, Anne
Tornikoski, Merja
Tammi, J.
Martínez, M.
Ramakrishnan, V.
Ishio, K.
Do Souto Espiñeira, E.
Reinthal, R.
Cerruti, Matteo
Paneque, D.
Chai, Y.
Chilingarian, A.
Fattorini, A.
Cikota, S.
Colak, S.M.
Colin, U.
Colombo, E.
Sitarek, J.
Peresano, M.
Contreras, J.L.
Mazin, D.
Cortina, J.
Paoletti, R.
Covino, Stefano
D'Elia, V.
Da Vela, Paolo
Ferrara, G.
Dazzi, F.
Maneva, G.
de Angelis, A.
Mannheim, K.
de Lotto, B.
Del Puppo, F.
Delfino, M.
Delgado, J.
Paredes, Josep M.
Mender, S.
Depaoli, D.
Foffano, L.
Šnidarić, I.
Fonseca, M.V.
Font, L.
Iwamura, Y.
Fruck, Christian
Fukami, S.
García López, R. J.
Garczarczyk, M.
Gasparyan, S.
Pavletić, L.
Finke, J.
Sobczynska, D.
Miceli, D.
Gaug, Markus
Giglietto, N.
Jouvin, L.
Giordano, F.
Gliwny, P.
Godinović, N.
Green, D.
Hadasch, D.
Hahn, A.
Spolon, A.
Peñil, P.
Hassan, T.
Baloković, M.
Kajiwara, Y.
Kerszberg, Daniel
Miener, T.
Kobayashi, Y.
Kubo, H.
Kushida, J.
Lamastra, A.
Stamerra, A.
Kurtanidze, S.O.
Perri, M.
Lelas, D.
Leone, F.
Lindfors, E.
Madejski, G.
Lombardi, S.
Longo, F.
López, M.
Minev, M.
Bigongiari, C.
López-Coto, R.
Busetto, G.
López-Oramas, A.
di Pierro, F.
Loporchio, S.
Machado de Oliveira Fraga, B.
Maggio, C.
Majumdar, P.
Mori, K.
Makariev, M.
Strom, D.
Mallamaci, M.
Miranda, J. M.
Larionova, Elena G.
Mirzoyan, R.
Molina, E.
Persic, M.
Moralejo, A.
Morcuende, D.
Moreno, Vicente
Moretti, E.
Marscher, Alan P.
Munar-Adrover, P.
Puccetti, Simonetta
Bernardini, E.
Larionova, Liyudmila V.
Neustroev, V.
Nigro, C.
Nilsson, Kari
Moroni, P. G. Prada
Ninci, D.
Nishijima, K.
D'Ammando, F.
Noda, K.
Nogués, L.
Nozaki, S.
Ohtani, Y.
Larionov, Valeri M.
Leto, C.
Oka, T.
Besenrieder, J.
Prandini, E.
Puljak, I.
Strzys, M.
Rhode, W.
Ribó, Marc
Rico, J.
Righi, C.
Rugliancich, A.
Latev, G.
di Venere, L.
Bonnoli, G.
Saha, L.
Sahakyan, N.
Suda, Y.
Saito, T.
Bhattacharyya, W.
Sakurai, S.
Satalecka, K.
Schleicher, B.
Schmidt, K.
Lin, H. C.
Schweizer, T.
Prester, D. Dominis
Surić, T.
Takahashi, M.
Verrecchia, F.
Tavecchio, F.
Temnikov, P.
Terzić, T.
Teshima, M.
Herrera, J.
Ramazani, V. Fallah
Torres-Albà, N.
Biland, A.
Tosti, L.
Donini, A.
van Scherpenberg, J.
Vanzo, G.
Vázquez Acosta, M.
Villata, M.
Ventura, S.
Bellizzi, L. K.
Verguilov, V.
Berti, A.
Vigorito, C. F.
Vitale, V.
Vovk, I.
Will, M.
Dorner, D.
Blanch, O.
Zarić, D.
Raiteri, C.M.
Hoang, J.
Agudo, Iván
Bachev, R.
Mokrushina, A. A.
Berdyugin, A.
Blinov, D.A.
Chanishvili, R.
Chen, W. P.
Chigladze, R.
Doro, M.
Manganaro, M.
Hrupec, D.
Bošnjak, Ž.
Damljanovic, G.
Eswaraiah, C.
Morozova, D.A.
Grishina, T.S.
Ibryamov, S.
Jordan, B.
Jorstad, S.G.
Joshi, M.
Kopatskaya, Evgenia N.
Hütten, M.
Elsaesser, D.
Kurtanidze, O.M.
Maraschi, L.
Nikolashvili, M.G.
Semkov, E.
Carosi, R.
Smith, P. S.
Strigachev, A.
Troitskaya, Yu. V.
Troitsky, I. S.
Inada, T.
Otero-Santos, J.
Mićanović, S.
Vince, O.
Barnes, J.
Güver, T.
Mariotti, M.
Moody, J.W.
Sadun, A. C.
Hovatta, T.
Ceribella, G.
Inoue, S.
Richards, J. L.
Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany)
Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica
Swiss National Science Foundation
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España)
European Commission
Department of Atomic Energy (India)
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan)
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
Ministry of Education, Youth and Science (Bulgaria)
Academy of Finland
Croatian Science Foundation
University of Rijeka
German Research Foundation
National Centre for Research and Development (Poland)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil)
Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US)
Department of Energy (US)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France)
Russian Science Foundation
Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
John Templeton Foundation
Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation
Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Chile)
Acciari, Victor
Ansoldi, S.
Antonelli, L. A.
Arbet Engels, A.
Baack, D.
Babić, A.
Banerjee, B.
Barres de Almeida, U.
Barrio, J. A.
Becerra González, J.
Bednarek, Wlodek
Palatiello, M.
Max-Moerbeck, W.
MAGIC Collaboration
Readhead, A. C. S.
Lähteenmäki, Anne
Tornikoski, Merja
Tammi, J.
Martínez, M.
Ramakrishnan, V.
Ishio, K.
Do Souto Espiñeira, E.
Reinthal, R.
Cerruti, Matteo
Paneque, D.
Chai, Y.
Chilingarian, A.
Fattorini, A.
Cikota, S.
Colak, S.M.
Colin, U.
Colombo, E.
Sitarek, J.
Peresano, M.
Contreras, J.L.
Mazin, D.
Cortina, J.
Paoletti, R.
Covino, Stefano
D'Elia, V.
Da Vela, Paolo
Ferrara, G.
Dazzi, F.
Maneva, G.
de Angelis, A.
Mannheim, K.
de Lotto, B.
Del Puppo, F.
Delfino, M.
Delgado, J.
Paredes, Josep M.
Mender, S.
Depaoli, D.
Foffano, L.
Šnidarić, I.
Fonseca, M.V.
Font, L.
Iwamura, Y.
Fruck, Christian
Fukami, S.
García López, R. J.
Garczarczyk, M.
Gasparyan, S.
Pavletić, L.
Finke, J.
Sobczynska, D.
Miceli, D.
Gaug, Markus
Giglietto, N.
Jouvin, L.
Giordano, F.
Gliwny, P.
Godinović, N.
Green, D.
Hadasch, D.
Hahn, A.
Spolon, A.
Peñil, P.
Hassan, T.
Baloković, M.
Kajiwara, Y.
Kerszberg, Daniel
Miener, T.
Kobayashi, Y.
Kubo, H.
Kushida, J.
Lamastra, A.
Stamerra, A.
Kurtanidze, S.O.
Perri, M.
Lelas, D.
Leone, F.
Lindfors, E.
Madejski, G.
Lombardi, S.
Longo, F.
López, M.
Minev, M.
Bigongiari, C.
López-Coto, R.
Busetto, G.
López-Oramas, A.
di Pierro, F.
Loporchio, S.
Machado de Oliveira Fraga, B.
Maggio, C.
Majumdar, P.
Mori, K.
Makariev, M.
Strom, D.
Mallamaci, M.
Miranda, J. M.
Larionova, Elena G.
Mirzoyan, R.
Molina, E.
Persic, M.
Moralejo, A.
Morcuende, D.
Moreno, Vicente
Moretti, E.
Marscher, Alan P.
Munar-Adrover, P.
Puccetti, Simonetta
Bernardini, E.
Larionova, Liyudmila V.
Neustroev, V.
Nigro, C.
Nilsson, Kari
Moroni, P. G. Prada
Ninci, D.
Nishijima, K.
D'Ammando, F.
Noda, K.
Nogués, L.
Nozaki, S.
Ohtani, Y.
Larionov, Valeri M.
Leto, C.
Oka, T.
Besenrieder, J.
Prandini, E.
Puljak, I.
Strzys, M.
Rhode, W.
Ribó, Marc
Rico, J.
Righi, C.
Rugliancich, A.
Latev, G.
di Venere, L.
Bonnoli, G.
Saha, L.
Sahakyan, N.
Suda, Y.
Saito, T.
Bhattacharyya, W.
Sakurai, S.
Satalecka, K.
Schleicher, B.
Schmidt, K.
Lin, H. C.
Schweizer, T.
Prester, D. Dominis
Surić, T.
Takahashi, M.
Verrecchia, F.
Tavecchio, F.
Temnikov, P.
Terzić, T.
Teshima, M.
Herrera, J.
Ramazani, V. Fallah
Torres-Albà, N.
Biland, A.
Tosti, L.
Donini, A.
van Scherpenberg, J.
Vanzo, G.
Vázquez Acosta, M.
Villata, M.
Ventura, S.
Bellizzi, L. K.
Verguilov, V.
Berti, A.
Vigorito, C. F.
Vitale, V.
Vovk, I.
Will, M.
Dorner, D.
Blanch, O.
Zarić, D.
Raiteri, C.M.
Hoang, J.
Agudo, Iván
Bachev, R.
Mokrushina, A. A.
Berdyugin, A.
Blinov, D.A.
Chanishvili, R.
Chen, W. P.
Chigladze, R.
Doro, M.
Manganaro, M.
Hrupec, D.
Bošnjak, Ž.
Damljanovic, G.
Eswaraiah, C.
Morozova, D.A.
Grishina, T.S.
Ibryamov, S.
Jordan, B.
Jorstad, S.G.
Joshi, M.
Kopatskaya, Evgenia N.
Hütten, M.
Elsaesser, D.
Kurtanidze, O.M.
Maraschi, L.
Nikolashvili, M.G.
Semkov, E.
Carosi, R.
Smith, P. S.
Strigachev, A.
Troitskaya, Yu. V.
Troitsky, I. S.
Inada, T.
Otero-Santos, J.
Mićanović, S.
Vince, O.
Barnes, J.
Güver, T.
Mariotti, M.
Moody, J.W.
Sadun, A. C.
Hovatta, T.
Ceribella, G.
Inoue, S.
Richards, J. L.
Publication Year :
2020

Abstract

We report on a multiband variability and correlation study of the TeV blazar Mrk 421 during an exceptional flaring activity observed from 2013 April 11 to 19. The study uses, among others, data from GLAST-AGILE Support Program (GASP) of the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT), Swift, Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR), Fermi Large Area Telescope, Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS), and Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC). The large blazar activity and the 43 hr of simultaneous NuSTAR and MAGIC/VERITAS observations permitted variability studies on 15 minute time bins over three X-ray bands (3-7 keV, 7-30 keV, and 30-80 keV) and three very-high-energy (VHE; >0.1 TeV) gamma-ray bands (0.2-0.4 TeV, 0.4-0.8 TeV, and >0.8 TeV). We detected substantial flux variations on multi-hour and sub-hour timescales in all of the X-ray and VHE gamma-ray bands. The characteristics of the sub-hour flux variations are essentially energy independent, while the multi-hour flux variations can have a strong dependence on the energy of the X-rays and the VHE gamma-rays. The three VHE bands and the three X-ray bands are positively correlated with no time lag, but the strength and characteristics of the correlation change substantially over time and across energy bands. Our findings favor multi-zone scenarios for explaining the achromatic/chromatic variability of the fast/slow components of the light curves, as well as the changes in the flux-flux correlation on day-long timescales. We interpret these results within a magnetic reconnection scenario, where the multi-hour flux variations are dominated by the combined emission from various plasmoids of different sizes and velocities, while the sub-hour flux variations are dominated by the emission from a single small plasmoid moving across the magnetic reconnection layer. © 2020. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.

Details

Database :
OAIster
Publication Type :
Electronic Resource
Accession number :
edsoai.on1286553054
Document Type :
Electronic Resource

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