Fecal Microbiota transplantation: Historical perspective and future trends

The human gut microbiota is composed of the different microorganisms of our intestinal ecosystem. It has an important metabolic and nutritional role, and it is involved in the correct development of the gut and the maturation of our immune system. Currently, the application of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has allowed us to establish causality in microbiome studies, and we know that microbiota can cure diseases or induce the appearance of disease symptoms, or even determine the success of some health treatments. But knowledge of the curative effects of feces has been documented many centuries ago. In the present article we want to make a brief review of the history of FMT, focusing on its effect on the human microbiome and its capacity to act on human physiology. We also want to place special emphasis on aspects that must be taken into account to translate microbiome research to medicine, related to safety, regulation and standardization of methods, as well as the importance of being able to predict the success of FMT.