Activities of hepatic biotransformation enzymes of turkey embryos and turkey.

The activities of two enzymes from phase I of biotransformation, aniline hydroxylase and ethylmorphine N-demethylase were investigated in turkey embryos and poults. Measurements were performed five times prior to hatching, at the 18th, 22nd, 24th, 26th and 27th day of embryos’ life and five times after hatching, at the 1st, 5th, 9th, 16th and 26th day of turkeys’ life. Ten days prior to hatching the enzyme activities in embryo livers amounted to 116.8 ± 1.6 nmol p-aminophenol/g liver/30 min, and 222.8 ± 25.0 nmol formaldehyde/g liver/30 min for aniline hydroxylase and ethylmorphine Ndemethylase, respectively. A three- and two-fold increase in aniline hydroxylase and ethylmorphine N-demethylase activities was observed immediately after hatching (1st day) in relation to 27-day-old embryos, respectively. Thereafter activities continued to rise and in 26-day-old poults they amounted to 672.9 ± 10.3 nmol p-aminophenol/g liver/30 min, and 2672.6 ± 27.9 nmol formaldehyde/g liver/30 min. Body masses, as well as absolute and relative liver masses were measured after hatching. The ratio between liver/body mass showed that relative liver mass increased from the 1st to the 9th day of life, followed by a constant slight decrease until the 26th day of life. These results generated in physiological conditions indicate that biotransformation phase I reactions are higher at the end of first month of turkey life than those in turkey embryos and in newly-hatched turkey. Thereby, liver capacityfor hydroxylation and N-demethylation of xenobiotics and endogenous compounds gradually increase in young turkey.
U puranskih zametaka i purića istražene su aktivnosti dva enzima iz I. faze biotransformacije: anilin hidroksilaze i etilmorfin N demetilaze. Mjerenja su provedena pet puta prije leženja, i to 18., 22., 24., 26. i 27. dana razvitka zametka, te pet puta poslije leženja, 1., 5., 9., 16. i 26. dana života purića. Aktivnost jetrene anilin hidroksilaze u osamnaestodnevnih zametaka bila je 116.8 ± 1.6 nmol p-aminofenola/g jetre/30 min, a aktivnost etilmorfin N-demetilaze 222.8 ± 25.0 nmol formaldehida/g jetre/30 min. Dvostruko odnosno trostruko povećanje aktivnosti tih enzima izmjereno je neposredno nakon leženja u odnosu na 27 dana stare zametke. Nakon toga, aktivnosti enzima uglavnom su i dalje rasle, a najviše su bile zadnjeg dana mjerenja, tj. 26. dana života: 672.9 ± 10.3 nmol p-aminofenola/ g jetre/30 min i 2672.6 ± 27.9 nmol formaldehida/g jetre/30 min. Tjelesne mase purića te apsolutne i relativne mase jetre mjerene su nakon leženja, neposredno prije uzorkovanja jetre za enzimske analize. Vrijednosti relativne mase jetre u purića uvećavale su se od 1. do 9. dana života, nakon čega su se smanjivale do kraja promatranog razdoblja. Rezultati istraživanja aktivnosti navedenih enzima, iz I. faze biološkog prijetvora u fiziološkim uvjetima pokazuju da su njihove vrijednosti više u purića u dobi od mjesec dana nego u netom izleženih purića i puranskih zametaka, što je znak da se postupno uvećava kapacitet jetre za hidroksilaciju i N-demetilaciju endogenih i organizmu stranih tvari.