Prevalence and Epidemiology of Blastocystis Sp. In Two Communties of The Maracaibo Municipality, State of Zulia

To determine the prevalence of Blastocystis sp. and its association with epidemiological characteristics, a cross-sectional study was conducted in two communities of the Maracaibo Municipality, State of Zulia. To collect data, an epidemiological record was used; 406 randomly selected individuals participated; for each one, a direct tological examination with SSF-Lugol was per formed. In dividuals over 18 years (72.1%) and females (51.4%) predominated. The overall prevalence of Blastocystis sp. infection was 38.9%; poly-parasitism predominated (54.4 %), identifying Endolimax nana (36.1%) as the most frequently associated commensal species, followed by Giardia intestinalis (22.1%), among the pathogens. There was significant association (p<0.05) between theprevalence of infection with active occupation status, over crowding, untreated water consumption and lack of adequate conditions to dispose of and eliminate waste. These variables showed OR 95% CI values, which demonstrates their influence as risk fac tors, reporting the greatest risk of infection (OR=3.18) for the active occupation status. No significant association was noted between the presence of Blastocystis sp. and other epidemiological characteristics (p>0.05). Limitations in community and personal hygiene standards are determinants for the prevalence of Blastocystis sp. in these communities.
Para determinar la prevalencia de Blastocystis sp. y su asociación con características epidemiológicas se realizó una investigación descriptiva en dos comunidades del Municipio Maracaibo del Estado Zulia. Para la recolección de datos se empleó una ficha epidemiológica; participaron 406 individuos seleccionados aleatoriamente realizándoseles  a cada uno, un examen coproparasitológico directo con SSF-Lugol. Entre los estudiados predominaron los mayores de 18 años (72,1%) y el género femenino (51,4%). La prevalencia de Blastocystis sp. fue 38,9%, con mayor frecuencia de poliparasitismo (54,4%), identificándose Endolimax nana (36,1%) como especie comensal principalmente asociada, seguida de Giardia intestinalis (22,1%) entre los patógenos. Hubo asociación significativa (p < 0.05) entre la prevalencia de la infección con el status de ocupación activa, hacinamiento, consumo de agua no tratada y ausencia de adecuadas condiciones para disponer y eliminar basura. Dichas variables mostraron valores OR 95% IC que evidencian su in- fluencia como factores de riesgo, presentándose para el status de ocupación activa el mayor riesgo de infección (OR = 3,18). No se observó asociación significativa entre presencia de Blastocystis sp.