Negative consequences of substance use in European university students: Results from Project SNIPE.

Background: University students are a risk group for heavy substance use and the experience of various potentially severe negative substance use consequences which may impact on their health, social and academic functioning. Whilst the experience of negative consequences of substance use is well understood in North American student samples, there is little data on these experiences in European students. In order to develop effective harm prevention and reduction interventions for students’ substance use, there needs to be an understanding of the types of consequences experienced in European student samples. Objectives: To investigate the prevalence and predictors of the experience of negative substance use-related consequences amongst university students in seven European countries. Methods: University students (n = 4,482) in Belgium, Denmark, Germany, the Slovak Republic, Spain, Turkey and the United Kingdom, completed an online survey of their substance use behaviours and the experience of associated negative consequences. Results: European students reported that experiencing a hangover or illness, missing class, being short of money and experiencing memory loss, were the most commonly experienced negative consequences of substance use. Not living with other students, using alcohol, cannabis, sedatives and cocaine, were also associated with higher odds of experiencing these negative consequences. Conclusions: In contrast to North American data, European university students tended to experience consequences which are associated with lower level health-risks rather than more severe consequences (e.g. drink-driving, physical injury). Harm prevention and reduction interventions for students should be targeted towards those consequences which are most salient to the target group to ensure feedback is relevant and potentially more effective in changing students’ substance use behaviours.