A mobile learning framework for universities in Pakistan

This research aims at identifying mobile learning characteristics. In this exploratory research, focus groups involving students, teachers and administrative stakeholders from Pakistani universities informed the research findings. Socio-cultural aspect is a major contributing factor, in addition to pedagogical and technological factors. A Mobile Learning Framework (MLF) incorporating these factors was developed to cater for developing countries' learning environments. MLF may be generalized to other developing and developed countries with similar higher education and socio-cultural environments.