Uklanjanje fenola iz otpadnih voda sortama zelene salate (Lactuca sativa L.)

U ovoj doktorskoj disertaciji ispitivana je mogućnost uklanjanja fenola iz rastvora, korišćenjem različitih sorti zelene salate, sa ciljem njihove upotrebe u procesu fitoremedijacije. Ispitivano je 11 različitih sorti zelene salate, čija semena su klijala na podlogama sa različitim koncentracijama fenola (0-400 mgL-1) tokom 20 dana. Pokazano je da dve sorte zelene salate mogu klijati na visokim koncentracijama fenola. Sorta Ljubljanska ledenka (LJL) klija na koncentraciji fenola do 350 mgL-1 i sorta Nansen (N) podnosi koncentraciju fenola do 300 mgL-1. Dalja istraživanja aktivnosti antioksidativnih enzima peroksidaza (POX), katalaza (CAT), kao polifenol oksidaza (PPO) rađena su na klijancima koji su gajeni na inhibitronim koncentracijama fenola (IK50), odnosno onim koncentracijama fenola, specifičnim za svaku sortu, na kojima klija 50% semena. Rezultati su prikazani za četiri sorte zelene salate i pokazano je da je aktivnost POX relativno niska, dok je aktivnost CAT i PPO viša u odnosu na klijance koji su gajeni bez prisustva fenola. Uporedo je praćena i morfologija klijanaca koji su gajeni na IK50 fenola. Praćen je tempo uklanjanja fenola iz otpadne vode i analiziran je tokom gajenja odrasle zelene salate u hidroponičnim uslovima. Odabrane su dve sorte zelene salate (LJL i N) koje su pokazale najveću otpornost na prisustvo fenola, i gajene su na koncentraciji fenola u rastvoru od 200 mgL-1. Ova koncentracija fenola je najviša koncentracija ispod IK50 na kojoj klija 100% semena. Pomenuta koncentracija fenola dodavana je u hidroponični rastvor na početku eksperimenta (početna koncentracija fenola) ili svaka dva dana tokom trajanja eksperimenta (konstantna koncentracija fenola). Praćena je promena koncentracije fenola u rastvoru posle 2, 4, 6, 8 i 10 dana gajenja, kao i aktivnost enzima (POX, CAT, SOD i PPO) u korenu i listovima zelene salate. Obe sorte zelene salate uklanjaju fenol iz rastvora za osam dana, a brzina uklanjanja fenola je veća kod sorte LJL u odnosu na
In this doctoral dissertation, the possibilities of use of various cultivars of lettuce have been investigated for removal of dissolved phenol in the process of phytoremediation. Seeds of 11 different cultivars of lettuce germinated on media with different phenol concentrations (0-400 mgL-1) over 20 days. It has been shown that seeds of two cultivars of lettuce can germinate even on high phenol concentrations: Seeds of Ljubljanska ledenka (LJL) can germinate on 350 mgL-1, while Nansen (N) tolerates as high as 300 mgL-1. Further investigation of antioxidant enzyme proxidases (POX), cataleses (CAT) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity was carried out on seedlings grown on inhibitory concentrations of phenol (IC50), that is, the cultivar-specific concentration of phenol reducing the germination efficiency to 50% for the seeds of a given cultivar. Results are shown for four lettuce cultivars, revealing that POX activity is relatively low, while CAT and PPO activity show higher values compared to seedlings grown without phenol. Morphological features of seedlings grown on IC50 of phenol were also recorded. Dynamics of phenol removal from waste water were recorded in adult lettuce plants grown hydroponically. Two lettuce cultivars that showed the highest tolerance to phenol, were chosen for hydroponic growth at 200 mgL-1 phenol, which is the highest concentration on which 100% germination has been recorded for these cultivars. This concentration of phenol was either established in the hydroponic solution once, at the beginning of the experiment (this was called the "starting phenol concentration") or maintained by supplying additional phenol to the solution every two days (which was called the "constant phenol concentration"). Changes in phenol concentration in the solution, as well as enzyme activity (POX, CAT, SOD and PPO) in lettuce roots and leaves were recorded after 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days of growth. Both lettuce cultivars are able to completely remove the starting