E-learning and the dilemma of learner autonomy : A case study of first year university students of Arabic

The article reports on a study where e-learning tools in the form of online tests, individual learning plans and portfolios were included into the teaching of Arabic as a second language at university level with the aim of promoting learner autonomy. The results indicate (i) that compulsory use of the e-learning tools might be necessary if all students are to participate; (ii) that gender and ethnic background seem to play a role in the use of the e-learning tools; and (iii) that the students who might benefit most from using e-learning tools to promote learner autonomy, are the ones who use them the least.