Optimization of Extraction of Gelatin from the Head of Kalamtra Sturgeon (Huso dauricus x Acipenser scherenkii x Acipenser transmontanus)

To develop a new method for extracting gelatin from the sturgeon head, the conditions for pretreatment and extraction were optimized. Treatment at 65 degrees C (3-3.5 h) was enough to separate the head into mixed tissues (skin, scales, pectoral fins, muscle, bones, gills, and small cartilage pieces), skull cartilage, and liquid. From the intensities of alpha-, beta- and gamma-bands and yields, the optimized pretreatment conditions for type A and type B gelatin were 0.05 M HCl (1 h) and 0.1 M NaOH (1 h), respectively. The best extraction conditions were: (1) for type A gelatin: with distilled water (DW) (w/v 1:5) at 35 degrees C, pH 7 when stirring at 200 rpm for 3 h, and (2) for type B gelatin: with DW (w/v 1:5) at 50 degrees C, pH 8 when stirring at 200 rpm for 1 h. After the decalcification of extracted residues with 0.05 M HCl for 3 h, re-extraction of gelatin was possible. Under the best extraction conditions, yields of type A and B gelatins were 5.01 and 7.25% (dry gelatin weight/wet sample weight), respectively. Thus, it is possible to extract an industrial amount of gelatin from sturgeon heads, making them valuable by-products.