Lack of Pulp Sensitivity in Ectopic Maxillary Canines After Orthodontic Treatment: A Clinical Study

Introduction: Although pulpal necrosis can be associated with orthodontically treated ectopic maxillary canine, the literature is scarce on this topic. Objective: This retrospective study aimed to investigate if ectopic maxillary canines were more predisposed to lack of sensitivity due to orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: The sample was comprised of 20 patients (13 females and 7 males) with a mean age of 21.7 years. Forty maxillary canines were divided into two groups: ectopic (n=26) and non-ectopic (n=14). The post-treatment pulpal assessment included thermal, electrical, and percussion tests. Initial panoramic radiographs were used to assess the axial angulation of the ectopic canines and their linear distance to the occlusal plane. A clinical examination and a questionnaire were used to collect data on 14 background variables capable of influencing on pulp status. Results: There was no influence from axial angulation (p=0.0661) and linear distance (p=0.4840), nevertheless rather from duration of traction (p=0.0437). The mixed-effects logistic regression showed no statistically significant difference between ectopic and non-ectopic canines with regard to pulpal sensitivity (p=0.0744). From a clinical standpoint, 12 teeth (46.15%) presented with lack of sensitivity in the ectopic group whereas only two (14.29%) had the same outcome in the control group. Of the 14 background variables, only four would be worth pursuing further research: initial location, presence of gingival recession, bracket slot size, and history of spontaneous pain. Conclusion: Although further studies are still necessary, lack of pulpal sensitivity can be a side effect when treating ectopic maxillary canines.