Anoxia : when to break the ice?

Ice on golf greens and other short cut turf grass areas causes severe winter damages in Nordic countries. Long lasting ice encasement creates anoxic conditions, resulting in an energy depletion and the accumulation of toxic gases which can be lethal for plants. The turf’s resistance depends on the grass species, but also on the organic matter content and porosity of the root zone. and The removal of ice can be crucial for grass survival.