Revisiting health policy and the World Bank in Bolivia

This article analyses the influence of the World Bank on reforms of the health sector in Bolivia during the period 1986–2006, and assesses their impact on the health care delivery system to date. The article examines the transformation of health services undertaken by the current socialist government since 2006. A literature review and interviews with decision-makers critically examine the outcome of reforms on criteria linked to health system integration. The study illustrates that Bolivia applied quite comprehensively the WB recommendations. Among others these included indirect privatization through public health services’ restriction of access to a basic package of care and decentralization with devolution. In consequence, the segmentation and fragmentation of the health system was exacerbated, accessibility and quality of care suffered and health status barely improved. The article attempts to locate the relationship between policy, health care delivery and health systems functioning.