Effects of Thickness and Grafting Density on the Activity of Polymer-Brush-Immobilized Tris(triazolyl) Copper(I) Catalysts

We report herein the application of polymer brushes for the immobilization of tris[(1,2,3-triazolyl)methyl]amine CuCl catalysts. Well-defined catalytic brushes were prepared through grafting-from and postpolymerization modification approaches on Si surfaces and characterized by X-ray reflectivity, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Hairy catalysts of varying thickness and grafting density were investigated in a model CuI-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction and showed remarkable activity at loadings as low as 0.02 mol-% as a result of the unique catalytic site density and nuclearity found in the brush. We demonstrate that thickness and grafting density parameters can be adjusted to maximize catalytic activity along the brush thickness. Take the dense floor: Polymer brushes of varying thickness and grafting density are used for the immobilization of tris[(1,2,3-triazolyl)methyl]amine CuCl catalysts and evaluated in a model CuI-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. Kinetic studies reveal that effective turnovers can be achieved throughout the volume of the brush by tuning thickness and density parameters to enable accessibility to the lower layers of the catalytic brush