Investigating the relationship of EFL learners’ willingness to communicate and learner Identity:a case study

Interaction and communication have received remarkable attention within SLA research in recent years. The sociocultural learning approach implemented in Finnish comprehensive schools through the national curriculum also emphasises interaction and communication as key concepts in all learning. Thus, this qualitative, empirical case study investigates what role van Lier’s Interaction Types (1988) have in EFL learners’ willingness to communicate (WTC) in the language of the lesson, as well as EFL learners’ WTC in relation to the learners’ identities. The latter will be studied applying Zimmerman’s identity categories (1998). The participants of this study were two groups of 9th-graders in a Finnish comprehensive school, and the data was collected during two, 75-minute English as a Foreign Language (EFL) lessons using non-participatory observation. The analysis showed that WTC varies depending on the interaction type, but also that a variety of situational aspects within these categories, such as access to vocabulary in the second language and problematic situations, influence learners’ WTC. In addition, the analysis showed that when learners identify themselves as pupils, they show WTC in the language of the lesson, whereas if the learners communicate as themselves, they show WTC in their first language. It appears that the pupils’ selves are thus separate from their pupil and language learner identities. Possible practical implications stemming from this are encouraging the pupils to use English as themselves, with the language skills they have, but also providing them with appropriate tools to practice the language, such as providing access to appropriate vocabulary and giving enough time to prepare for tasks to come.Tiivistelmä. Vuorovaikutus ja kommunikaatio ovat saaneet merkittävää huomiota toisen kielen oppimista tutkivilla tieteenaloilla. Osana valtakunnallista opetussuunnitelmaa Suomen peruskouluissa noudatetaan sosiokulttuurista oppimiskäsitystä, jok