Two- versus three-dimensional ultrasound in the second and third trimester of pregnancy: impact on recognition and maternal-fetal bonding. A prospective pilot study

Objective: To assess the impact of three-dimensional (3D) versus two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound (US) on maternal-fetal bonding. Study design: Prospective randomized pilot study among low risk women with singleton fetuses in the second and third trimester. Dependent on the randomization pattern, US was commenced either with 2D US or 3D US and the effects were recorded with standardized questionnaires. Results: Sixty patients were included. Although the quality of 2D US, assessed by the examinator, was superior to 3D US, maternal recognition was higher with 3-D US (P=0.004). With 2D US, nulliparous patients had significantly more difficulties visualizing the fetus, than multiparous (P=0.03). However, the maternal preference of 3D US had no significant impact on maternal-fetal bonding. Conclusion: Ultrasound had no significant effect on maternal-fetal bonding. Three-dimensional images may facilitate recognition of the fetus, but 3D US did not have higher impact on maternal-fetal bonding. This finding may be a reason not to consider 3D ultrasound for routine scanning