A retrospective, comparative analysis of risk factors and outcomes in carbapenem-susceptible and carbapenem-nonsusceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections: tigecycline significantly increases the mortality

Tingting Xiao,1 Wei Yu,1,2 Tianshui Niu,1 Chen Huang,1 Yonghong Xiao1 1State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China Background: Carbapenem-nonsusceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae (CnSKP) is rapidly emerging as a life-threatening nosocomial infection. The efficacy of tigecycline in the treatment of bloodstream infections (BSIs) remains controversial.Methods: Data from a total of 428 patients with carbapenem-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae (CSKP) and CnSKP BSIs were collected at a single center between January 2013 and December 2015. A three-part analysis was conducted to identify the risk factors associated with CnSKP, explore prognosis, and evaluate treatments. Results: Data from 428 patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) BSIs were included, 31.5% (n=135) of them with CnSKP. Multivariate analysis showed that prior hospitalization, urinary catheterization, the use of immunosuppressive agents, prior use of antibiotics, pulmonary disease, and high Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scores were independent risk factors for CnSKP-BSIs. The 30-day mortality was higher in patients with CnSKP than in those with CSKP (58.5% vs 15.4%; P<0.001). In patients with KP-BSIs, neutropenia, multiple organ dysfunction, respiratory failure, CnSKP infection, high APACHE II score, and tigecycline therapy were independently associated with higher mortality risk. Among patients whose APACHE II score was <15, higher mortality rates were observed in patients treated with tigecycline than in those treated with other antibiotics (45.3% vs 7.7%; P<0.001). Central venous catheterization, mult