Soil Tillage Responses to the Climate Threats – Revaluation of the Classic Theories

Prevention and alleviation of the climate induced damages by soil management is a great challenge in our regional agriculture nowadays. This study fulfils two aims. In the first aim ploughing was evaluated by fifteen factors in wet and dry soils. The evaluation related mainly to quality of the disturbed layer of soil, and the impact of ploughing on moisture transport and the weed infestation. In addition, the reasonability of twelve classic theories related to ploughing under the present climate conditions were reviewed. The main conclusion of this review is that the inverting practice requires impartial revaluation both in national and regional relation. The second aim was comparing the effects of tillage treatments on soil condition in the past seven extreme seasons. In a long-term experiment six treatments comprised deep –  0.30 m (that is loosening, L, ploughing, P, and tine tillage, T) –, and shallow –  0.22 m, (that is tine tillage, ST and disking, D) – soil disturbance along with direct drilling (DD). The rank reflects the suitability of each treatment for soil preservation in the extreme circumstances. After all, soil tillage adaptability to wet soil condition were (from adequate to the unsuitable) as follows: ST>T=L>DD>P>D. Rank of the treatments slightly modified in dry soil, i.e.: ST>DD>T>L>D>P.