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D-dimer: kako pravilno tumačiti nalaz

Authors :
Renata Zrinski Topić
Jasna Leniček Krleža
Renata Zrinski Topić
Jasna Leniček Krleža
Source :
Paediatria Croatica; ISSN 1330-1403 (Print); ISSN 1846-405X (Online); Volume 60; Issue 4
Publication Year :
2016

Abstract

Cilj rada je podsjetiti na predanalitičke, analitičke i poslijeanalitičke osobitosti i ograničenja određivanja D-dimera radi racionalne primjene laboratorijske pretrage te ispravnog tumačenja nalaza i literaturnih navoda. U cirkulaciji zdravih osoba nalazi se vrlo mala količina D-dimera, a patološko povećanje njegove vrijednosti prisutno je u kliničkim stanjima s pojačanom koagulacijskom i fi brinolitičkom aktivnošću, odnosno njegovim promijenjenim metabolizmom. Rutinsko određivanje D-dimera primjenjuje se za postavljanje dijagnoze i praćenje tijeka diseminirane intravaskularne koagulacije te u diferencijalnoj dijagnostici tromboembolijskih stanja. Zbog velike negativne prediktivne vrijednosti koncentracija D-dimera manja od defi nirane granične vrijednosti isključuje dijagnozu tromboembolijske bolesti i pomaže u probiru pacijenata kojima je potrebna daljnja obrada skupim slikovnim metodama. Imunokemijske metode za kvantitativno određivanje koncentracije D-dimera nisu standardizirane, primjenjuju monoklonska anti-D-dimer antitijela različite specifi čnosti te različite detekcijske reakcije, zbog čega je prisutna heterogenost u izvještavanju rezultata, što ote- žava usporedbu nalaza i rezultata istraživanja dobivenih različitim metodama. Kako bi nalaz i tumačenje nalaza D-dimera bili ispravni i pouzdani, potrebno je zadovoljiti predanalitičke zahtjeve: najpogodnije vrijeme uzorkovanja, poznavanje osobitosti metode kojom je određena koncentracija D-dimera te poznavanje ograničenja određivanja D-dimera vezana za pojedina patološka stanja.<br />The aim is to point to the preanalytical, analytical and postanalytical characteristics and limitations of D-dimer determination while tending to the rational use of laboratory test and correct interpretation of the fi ndings and literature citations. Low level of D-dimer can be found in good health condition, whereas pathologically elevated D-dimer level is recorded in clinical conditions associated with increased coagulation and fi brinolytic activities or altered D-dimer metabolism. Routine determination of D-dimer is used for diagnosing and treatment monitoring of disseminated intravascular coagulation, and in diff erential diagnosis of thromboembolic conditions. Due to the high negative predictive value, D-dimer concentration lower than the cutoff value excludes the diagnosis of thromboembolic diseases and helps in screening patients that need additional work-up using expensive imaging methods. Immunoassays for quantitative determination of D-dimer concentration are not standardized. Monoclonal anti-D-dimer antibodies of diff erent specifi cities and diff erent detection reactions have been used, resulting in heterogeneity of fi ndings and precluding comparison of diff erent assays. Therefore, for accurate, reliable report and interpretation of results it is necessary to fulfi ll preanalytical requirements such as time of blood sampling, correct performance of the method for determination of D-dimer concentration, and awareness of the limitations of D-dimer determination in particular pathologic conditions.

Details

Database :
OAIster
Journal :
Paediatria Croatica; ISSN 1330-1403 (Print); ISSN 1846-405X (Online); Volume 60; Issue 4
Notes :
text/html, Croatian
Publication Type :
Electronic Resource
Accession number :
edsoai.ocn995269283
Document Type :
Electronic Resource