Synthesis and structural characterization of glucooligosaccharides and dextran from Weissella confusa dextransucrases

Many lactic acid bacteria are able to synthesize dextrans from sucrose by dextransucrases. Weissella confusa strains have attracted increasing attention due to their production of texture-modifying dextrans during food fermentation. Potential prebiotic oligosaccharides have also been produced by dextransucrases in the presence of sucrose and acceptor sugars. However, only few W. confusa dextransucrases have been previously studied, and the reactions of Weissella dextransucrases to synthesize oligosaccharides have not been investigated. In this thesis, two W. confusa dextransucrases from efficient dextran-producers were studied, and their products were structurally characterized because this information is essential for a better usability of these enzymes and corresponding bacteria in food and health applications. The biochemical and kinetic properties of one of the W. confusa dextransucrases were studied. Two activity assays were compared to determine the kinetic parameters. A sucrose radioisotope assay gave a KM of 14.7 mM and a Vmax of 8.2 µmol/(mg∙min), whereas a Nelson-Somogyi assay gave values of 13.0 mM and 19.9 µmol/(mg∙min), respectively. The dextrans from the two W. confusa dextransucrases were found by, e.g., NMR analysis to consist of mainly α-(1→6) linkages and 3% α-(1→3) branches, of which some were elongated. A high-performance size-exclusion chromatography analysis of the dextrans revealed high molar masses of 107‒108 g/mol. Weissella dextransucrases were also studied with acceptor sugars for the synthesis of glucooligosaccharides. The most efficient acceptor was maltose, followed by isomaltose, maltotriose, and nigerose, which formed series of glucooligosaccharides by the further elongation of intermediate acceptor products. The products derived from maltose formed two homologous series, with one series being predominant and the other being minor. The major maltose product series were linear isomaltooligosaccharides (IMOs) with reducing-end maltose u