New approaches for fabrication of microfluidic capillary electrophoresis devices with on-chip conductivity detection

In practice, microfluidic systems are based on the principles of capillary electrophoresis (CE), for a large part due to the simplicity of electroosmotic pumping. In this contribution, a universal conductivity detector is presented that allows detection of charged species down to the M level. Additionally, powderblasting is presented as a novel technique for direct etching of microfluidic networks. This method allows creation of features down to 50 μM with a total processing time (design to device) of less than one day. The performance of powderblasted devices with integrated conductivity detection is illustrated by the separation of lithium, sodium, and potassium ions and that of fumaric, malic, and citric acid.