Command and Control Methodology Study. Volume I. Section I. Communications Satellite Technology.

This report contains a quantitative and qualitative analysis and discussion of several currently known military and commercial satellite multiple-access systems. The report has two main objectives. A tutorial exposition of multiple-access techniques is provided. In addition, the multiple-access realizations are presented in such a manner that given partial information of a multiple-access system the most plausible deduction can be made concerning the missing information of a system. Four multiple-access techniques will be discussed: frequency division multiple-access (FDMA), time division multiple-access (TDMA), code division multiple-access (CDMA) (Sometimes known as spread spectrum multiple-access (SSMA)) and pulse address multiple-access (PAMA). The primary applications of each technique and their major advantages and disadvantages will be given. The basic operational characteristics of each system are described and references to currently implemented systems are included. The time-domain and frequency-domain characteristics of each system are given. Also, the ground station EIRP (effective isotropic radiated power) and G/T (antenna gain-to-noise temperature ratio) requirements as a function of the satellite received system saturation flux density, G/T, and transmitted EIRP are given. The efficiency of each system will be compared.
See also Volume 4, AD-A027 601.