Aerothermal Design of a Common Probe for Multiple Planetary Destinations

Estimate the mass of the Thermal Protection System (TPS) for a single design construct of an atmospheric entry probe with a rigid aeroshell, which could be used at five destinations, i.e. Venus, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and perhaps, Jupiter. The entry mass of the probe is 400 kg with a ballistic coefficient of 216 kg/m2. Process: The 3DoF trajectory simulation program Traj, coupled with the TPS response program FIAT was used for simulation and design. The assumed atmospheric models were VIRA (Venus-GRAM) for Venus, the Julianne Moses' model for Saturn, a NASA Ames engineering model for Uranus, Neptune-GRAM for Neptune, and Galileo Probe (Al Seiff's) result for Jupiter.