Lack of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus from infected children to their household contacts

There is some concern over the possibility of transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to the people taking care of children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This group includes caretakers in schools, day care centers and households. The transmission of HIV by infected blood is well established, but there have been no reports of HIV transmission to non-high-risk individuals in families, day care, workplace (excluding health facilities) or schools. Most studies have examined the transmission of HIV from infected adults or older children to household members. Since younger children have less control over bodily fluids and excretion, they are more likely to transmit the infection to household members through biting, drooling, mouth toys and diaper contents. The transmission of HIV was studied among 89 household members caring for 25 HIV-infected children. Household members came in contact with items likely to be soiled with infected blood and body fluids such as toys, toothbrushes, eating utensils, toilets, nail clippers, combs, towels, bedsheets and bathtubs. In addition, hugging, kissing, bed sharing, and bathing together were common. Caregivers began HIV blood testing four months after initial contact with an HIV-infected child. All 89 participants were HIV-negative. It is concluded that the risk of HIV transmission among household members is extremely low. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)