Disconnected: The Growing Class Divide in American Civic Life

At one time, American social and civic life was characterized by robust networks of social connections and activities. But in the years following the pandemic, which curtailed social opportunities and community activities, there are few signs of recovery. The American Social Capital Survey reveals that American civic life continues on a downward slide, with dwindling social ties and fewer Americans reporting membership in social and civic organizations. Two key institutions--labor unions and religious organizations--have experienced a dramatic decline in membership. This has coincided with a rapid contraction of Americans' social networks: Americans have fewer close friendships and fewer people to rely on for social support, whether it's a ride to work, care, or financial help. The report also reveals a growing class divide in Americans' social activities, support, and membership. Thirty years ago, Americans with college degrees had as many close friends as those with less formal education, but the social circumstances of both groups have changed dramatically. Today, college-educated Americans have far more close friends than those with no college experience have. Among Americans with a high school education or less, 24 percent report having no close friends. There are notable racial disparities, as well. Black Americans without college degrees have some of the worst social and civic outcomes of any group. Americans without a college education are also more likely to live in civic deserts--places with limited access to public and private gathering spaces like parks, coffee shops, restaurants, libraries, and community centers. As formal social, civic, and religious organizations struggle for members, informal gathering places have become more important, perhaps contributing to the class divide in social and civic life.
American social and civic life was once defined by diverse clubs, groups, and organizations. However, it has declined by every conceivable measure since the mid-20th century. (1) Today's Americans have [...]