The Basic Psychological Needs in Physical Education Scale for Use With Students With Visual Impairments: A Delphi Study

The Basic Psychological Needs in Physical Education Scale (BPNPE; Vlachopoulos et al., 2011) measures the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. The BPNPE has yet to be vetted for use with students with visual impairments. The purpose of this study was to begin the vetting process of the BPNPE, with content and face validity screening, for use with students with visual impairments via the Delphi method. A panel of 15 experts rated the quality, importance, relation to self-determination for each item and provided wording suggestions and comments. On the basis of the feedback, items were revised and presented back to the experts until consensus was reached. Three rounds of obtaining feedback were necessary for the panel to reach consensus for the BPNPE. This instrument can be used to quantify the basic psychological needs satisfaction of students with visual impairments during physical education and to aid in curriculum improvements that encourage autonomy, competence, and relatedness.
When an individual has their basic psychological needs met, they feel as though they are in control of their actions, or self-determined, and experience greater motivation and well-being (Ryan & [...]