Effect of fillers on the microphase separation in polyurethane composites: A review

The microphase separation behavior of polyurethane (PU) strongly affects its mechanical, thermal, electrical, and other functional properties. Adding fillers to change the degree of microphase separation (DPS) in PU is a convenient and efficient method. Although many scholars have tried to regulate the microphase separation of PU by adding fillers, there are still many controversies about the effect. In this review, we classify commonly used fillers into three categories according to their morphology: spherical fillers, fibrous fillers, and layered fillers, and summarize their effects on the microphase separation behavior of PU. We explore the similarities and differences in the mechanisms by which different fillers affect the microphase separation of PU, and find that the polarity, morphology, size of fillers, and preparation method have a significant impact on the degree of microphase separation in PU. The impact of microphase separation on the mechanical properties of PU has also been summarized to illustrate their close relationship. We hope that these summaries will provide some guidance for the development of new high-strength and multifunctional PU composites. Highlights * Summarized recent research progress on effect of common fillers on DPS of PU. * Common fillers are classified into three categories based on their morphology. * Common laws of the fillers impact on the DPS are classified and discussed. * The close relationship between DPS and mechanical properties is reviewed. * Provided information for high-strength and multifunctional PU development. KEYWORDS different fillers, filler polarity, hard segment microdomains, hydrogen bonding, microphase separation, polyurethane
1 | INTRODUCTION Polyurethane (PU) is a block copolymer composed of hard and soft segments. The hard segment (HS) is composed of diisocyanate, chain extender, and urethane group or urea [...]