Trade-offs between greenhouse gas mitigation and economic objectives with drained peatlands in Finnish landscapes

In Finland, the widespread drainage of boreal peatlands has led to increased forest productivity. The cost is a dramatic increase in soil greenhouse gas emissions. Empirical research of drained peatlands has found a correlation between greenhouse gas emissions and the ground water table. This suggests an opportunity to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions through forest management. We explore this opportunity at the landscape level through a simulation and optimization framework. We explore how forest management actions can impact the ground water table and the related greenhouse gas emissions. There are various economic and societal constraints for a set of forested peatland landscapes in Finland. First, we link forest simulations with hydrological and statistical models to predict C[O.sub.2], C[H.sub.4], and [N.sub.2]O emissions from the drained peatlands. We then present the range of landscape level solutions that prioritize between minimizing the net ecosystem greenhouse gas emissions, the economic timber value, and the even flow of timber income over time. Our results highlight the impact that integrating peatland soil greenhouse gas emissions will have on the planning process. This promotes the use of management options that benefit both biomass growth and reduced peatland soil greenhouse gas emissions. Key words: climate change mitigation, forest planning, optimization, boreal forests
Introduction Drained peatland forests are a major source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the boreal and temperate zones (Paavilainen and Paivanen 1995; Forsell et al. 2016). Their appropriate management [...]