Energy in the 21st century

Improvement in worldwide standards of living add up to higher energy consumption; ways must be found to produce more, despite natural resource shortages and environmental demands according to a technical consultant and energy conservation advocate. Technical challenges related to resources involve natural gas, crude oil/carbonaceous resources, biomass and noncarbonaceous resources, such as nuclear fission. Cleaner liquid fuels are an aspect of processing challenges. Topics include population/consumption, catalysts and other chemical aspects, the future of processing. historical patterns of energy use in the US, fuel cells, transportation in the US, emissions of carbon dioxide, and energy efficiencies. Tables compare carbon emission with other factors, US and China, give projected worldwide energy demand, 2000, 2030, World, OECD and non-OECD, and charts show primary energy sources in the US since early 19th century, US distribution of intercity transportation mileage. Royal-Dutch/Shell and ExxonMobil are mentioned.