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Near full genome characterization of HIV?1 unique recombinant forms in Cameroon reveals dominant CRF02_AG and F2 recombination patterns
- Source :
- Journal of the International AIDS Society. July 2019, Vol. 22 Issue 7
- Publication Year :
- 2019
-
Abstract
- Abbreviation Introduction Based on the latest HIV molecular surveillance report, recombinant forms account for almost every fourth HIV infection globally (22.8%). Circulating recombinant form (CRF) 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the most [...]<br />: Introduction: In Cameroon, a manifold diversity of HIV strains exists with CRF02_AG and unique recombinant forms (URFs) being the predominant strains. In recent years, a steady increase in URFs and clade F2 viruses has been monitored through partial genome sequencing. There is an information gap in the characterization of emerging URFs along the full genome, which is needed to address the challenges URFs pose towards diagnosis, treatment and HIV?1 vaccine design. Method: Eighteen Cameroonian URFs from samples collected between the years 2000 and 2015 were studied using a newly developed near full genome sequencing (NFGS) protocol based on variable nested RT?PCRs with a versatile primer set. Near full genomes were characterized for recombination patterns and sequence signatures with possible impact on antiretroviral treatment or Env?directed immune responses. Third?generation sequencing (3GS) of near full or half genomes (HGs) gave insight into intra?patient URF diversity. Results: The characterized URFs were composed of a broad variety of subtypes and recombinants including A, F, G, CRF01_AE, CRF02_AG and CRF22_01A1. Phylogenetic analysis unveiled dominant CRF02_AG and F2 recombination patterns. 3GS indicated a high intra?patient URF diversity with up to four distinct viral sub?populations present in plasma at the same time. URF pol genomic analysis revealed a number of accessory drug resistance mutations (DRMs) in the ART?naïve participants. Genotypic env analysis suggests CCR5 usage in 14/18 samples and identified deviations at residues, critical for gp120/gp41 interphase and CD4 binding site broadly neutralizing antibodies in more than half of the studied URFs. V1V2 sites of immune pressure in the human RV144 vaccine study varied in more than a third of URFs. Conclusions: This study identified novel mosaic patterns in URFs in Cameroon. In line with the regional predominance of CRF_02AG and the increased prevalence of clade F2, prominent CRF_02AG and F2 background patterns were observed underlying the URFs. In the context of the novel mosaic genomes, the impact of the identified accessory DRMs and Env epitope variations on treatment and immune control remains elusive. The evolving diversity of HIV?1 URFs in Cameroon requires continuous monitoring to respond to the increasing challenges for diagnosis, antiretroviral treatment and prevention.
- Subjects :
- Diagnosis
Identification and classification
Care and treatment
Genetic aspects
Research
Health aspects
Genotypes -- Identification and classification -- Health aspects
AIDS vaccines -- Research
HIV infections -- Genetic aspects -- Diagnosis -- Care and treatment
AIDS research
Recombinant molecules -- Identification and classification -- Health aspects
Genotype -- Identification and classification -- Health aspects
AIDS (Disease) -- Research
HIV infection -- Genetic aspects -- Diagnosis -- Care and treatment
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 17582652
- Volume :
- 22
- Issue :
- 7
- Database :
- Gale General OneFile
- Journal :
- Journal of the International AIDS Society
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsgcl.720303634
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.25362