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Associations Between Speaking Fundamental Frequency, Vowel Formant Frequencies, and Listener Perceptions of Speaker Gender and Vocal Femininity-Masculinity
- Source :
- Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. July, 2021, Vol. 64 Issue 7, p2600, 23 p.
- Publication Year :
- 2021
-
Abstract
- Purpose: The aim of the study was to examine associations between speaking fundamental frequency ([f.sub.os]), vowel formant frequencies (F), listener perceptions of speaker gender, and vocal femininity-masculinity. Method: An exploratory study was undertaken to examine associations between [f.sub.os], [F.sub.1]-[F.sub.3], listener perceptions of speaker gender (nominal scale), and vocal femininity-masculinity (visual analog scale). For 379 speakers of Australian English aged 18-60 years, [f.sub.os] mode and [F.sub.1]-[F.sub.3] (12 monophthongs; total of 36 Fs) were analyzed on a standard reading passage. Seventeen listeners rated speaker gender and vocal femininity-masculinity on randomized audio recordings of these speakers. Results: Model building using principal component analysis suggested the 36 Fs could be succinctly reduced to seven principal components (PCs). Generalized structural equation modeling (with the seven PCs of F and [f.sub.os] as predictors) suggested that only [F.sub.2] and [f.sub.os] predicted listener perceptions of speaker gender (male, female, unable to decide). However, listener perceptions of vocal femininity-masculinity behaved differently and were predicted by [F.sub.1], [F.sub.3], and the contrast between monophthongs at the extremities of the [F.sub.1] acoustic vowel space, in addition to [F.sub.2] and [f.sub.os]. Furthermore, listeners' perceptions of speaker gender also influenced ratings of vocal femininity-masculinity substantially. Conclusion: Adjusted odds ratios highlighted the substantially larger contribution of F to listener perceptions of speaker gender and vocal femininity-masculinity relative to [f.sub.os] than has previously been reported.<br />Gender is one of the first pieces of social information accessible from a speaker's voice (Kreiman & Sidtis, 2011; Schweinberger et al., 2014). Findings of studies examining event-related potentials of [...]
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 10924388
- Volume :
- 64
- Issue :
- 7
- Database :
- Gale General OneFile
- Journal :
- Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsgcl.669908581
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1044/2021_JSLHR-20-00747