Role of nuclear-cytoplasmic protein localization during Drosophila neuroblast development (1)

Nuclear-cytoplasmic localization is an efficient way to regulate transcription factors and chromatin remodelers. Altering the location of existing protein pools also facilitates a more rapid response to changes in cell activity or extracellular signals. There are several examples of proteins that are regulated by nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling, which are required for Drosophila neuroblast development. Disruption of the localization of homologs of these proteins has also been linked to several neurodegenerative disorders in humans. Drosophila has been used extensively to model the neurodegenerative disorders caused by aberrant nucleo-cytoplasmic localization. Here, we focus on the role of alternative nucleo-cytoplasmic protein localization in regulating proliferation and cell fate decisions in the Drosophila neuroblast and in neurodegenerative disorders. We also explore the analogous role of RNA binding proteins and mRNA localization in the context of regulation of nucleo-cytoplasmic localization during neural development and a role in neurodegenerative disorders. Key words: Drosophila melanogaster, nucleo-cytoplasmic transport, neuroblast, nervous system, neurodegenerative disorder, localization. La localisation nucleo-cytoplasmique est un moyen efficient pour reguler les facteurs de transcription et les remodeleurs de la chromatine. Alterer la localisation de pools proteiques existants facilite egalement une reponse plus rapide aux changements dans l'activite cellulaire ou aux signaux extracellulaires. Il y a plusieurs exemples de proteines qui sont regulees par le transport nucleo-cytoplasmique, lequel est requis pour le developpement des neuroblastes chez la drosophile. Une perturbation de la localisation des homologues de ces proteines chez les humains a ete liee a de nombreux troubles neurodegeneratifs. La drosophile a ete employee de maniere importante pour modeliser les desordres neurodegeneratifs causes par une localisation nucleocytoplasmique aberrante. Dans ce travail, les auteurs etudient le role d'une localisation nucleo-cytoplasmique alternative dans la regulation de la proliferation et du devenir des cellules chez les neuroblastes de la drosophile et dans les desordres neurodegeneratifs. Ils explorent egalement les roles analogues des proteines de liaison a l'ARN et de la localisation des ARNm dans le contexte de la regulation de la localisation nucleo-cytoplasmique au cours du developpement et de leur role dans les desordres neurodegeneratifs. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : Drosophila melanogaster, transport nucleo-cytoplasmique, neuroblaste, systeme nerveux, desordres neurodegeneratifs, localisation.
Introduction The nuclear membrane is a complex barrier surrounding the chromatin. It is pierced by nuclear pores that function as gatekeepers of nucleo-cytoplasmic transport. Molecules of smaller size can diffuse [...]