Generation of Femtosecond Pulses of Synchrotron Radiation

Femtosecond synchrotron pulses were generated directly from an electron storage ring. An ultrashort laser pulse was used to modulate the energy of electrons within a 100-femtosecond slice of the stored 30-picosecond electron bunch. The energy-modulated electrons were spatially separated from the long bunch and used to generate ~300-femtosecond synchrotron pulses at a bendmagnet beamline, with a spectral range from infrared to x-ray wavelengths. The same technique can be used to generate ~100-femtosecond x-ray pulses of substantially higher flux and brightness with an undulator. Such synchrotron-based femtosecond x-ray sources offer the possibility of applying x-ray techniques on an ultrafast time scale to investigate structural dynamics in condensed matter.
An important scientific frontier is the application of x-ray pulses to investigate ultrafast structural dynamics (atomic motion and rearrangement) associated with phase transitions in solids, chemical reactions, and rapid biological [...]