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Fatty acid regio-specificity of triacylglycerol molecules may affect plasma lipid responses to dietary fats--a randomised controlled cross-over trial

Authors :
Stonehouse, Welma
Benassi-Evans, Bianca
James-Martin, Genevieve
Abeywardena, Mahinda
Source :
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. February, 2020, Vol. 74 Issue 2, p268, 10 p.
Publication Year :
2020

Abstract

Background/Objectives Hypercholesterolaemic effects of saturated fatty acids (SFA) may be influenced not only by the chain length, but also by their specific location within the triacylglycerol (TAG) molecule. We examined the hypothesis that dietary fats rich in SFA, but containing mostly unsaturated fatty acids in the sn-2 position with most SFA in sn-1 and -3 (palm olein [PO] and cocoa butter [CB]) will have similar serum lipid outcomes to unsaturated olive oil (OO). Subjects/Methods Thirty-eight participants (20-40 yr, 18.5- [less than or equal to] 27.5 kg/m.sup.2) completed a 4-week randomised 3 × 3 crossover feeding intervention, preceded by 2-week run-in and separated by 2-week washout periods. Background diet contained 35 percentage of total energy (%E) fat, 18%E protein, 48%E carbohydrates, differing in test fats only (palm olein (PO), CB, OO; 20%E). Total cholesterol (TC)/high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio and related variables; TC, HDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), TAG, apoA1, ApoB, ApoA1 (apolipoprotein A1)/ApoB (apolipoprotein B), lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)), NEFA, LDL sub-fractions, were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Data were analysed using mixed effects longitudinal models with a P-value < 0.05 considered significant. Results Changes in plasma fatty acids (P < 0.05) confirmed compliance; C18:1 increased with OO compared to PO and CB; C16:0 decreased with OO and C18:0 increased following CB. No differences were seen for TC/HDL-C (mean [95%CI] change for PO, 0.08[0.00, 0.15] mmol/L; CB, 0.06 [-0.05, 0.16] mmol/L; and OO, -0.01 [-0.15, 0.13] mmol/L; P = 0.53] or any other parameter including LDL sub-fractions. OO decreased IDL-A compared to PO (-2.2 [-4.31, -0.21] mg/dL, P = 0.03). Conclusion In healthy young participants, plasma lipid responses to PO and CB, enriched in SFA but having primarily unsaturated fatty acid in the sn-2 position of TAG, did not differ from OO.<br />Author(s): Welma Stonehouse [sup.1], Bianca Benassi-Evans [sup.1], Genevieve James-Martin [sup.1], Mahinda Abeywardena [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation, Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide, Australia Introduction Cardiovascular disease (CVD) [...]

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
09543007
Volume :
74
Issue :
2
Database :
Gale General OneFile
Journal :
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsgcl.613408892
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-019-0452-7