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Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic-nucleotide-gated channels: pathophysiological, developmental, and pharmacological insights into their function in cellular excitability

Authors :
Spinelli, Valentina
Sartiani, Laura
Mugelli, Alessandro
Romanelli, Maria Novella
Cerbai, Elisabetta
Source :
Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. October, 2018, Vol. 96 Issue 10, p977, 8 p.
Publication Year :
2018

Abstract

The hyperpolarization-activated cyclic-nucleotide-gated (HCN) proteins are voltage-dependent ion channels, conducting both [Na.sup.+] and [K.sup.+], blocked by millimolar concentrations of extracellular [Cs.sup.+] and modulated by cyclic nucleotides (mainly cAMP) that contribute crucially to the pacemaker activity in cardiac nodal cells and subsidiary pacemakers. Over the last decades, much attention has focused on HCN current, [I.sub.f], in non-pacemaker cardiac cells and its potential role in triggering arrhythmias. In fact, in addition to pacemakers, HCN current is constitutively present in the human atria and has long been proposed to sustain atrial arrhythmias associated to different cardiac pathologies or triggered by various modulatory signals (catecholamines, serotonin, natriuretic peptides). An atypical [I.sub.f] occurs in diseased ventricular cardiomyocytes, its amplitude being linearly related to the severity of cardiac hypertrophy. The properties of atrial and ventricular [I.sub.f] and its modulation by pharmacological interventions has been object of intense study, including the synthesis and characterization of new compounds able to block preferentially HCN1, HCN2, or HCN4 isoforms. Altogether, clues emerge for opportunities of future pharmacological strategies exploiting the unique properties of this channel family: the prevalence of different HCN subtypes in organs and tissues, the possibility to target HCN gain- or loss-of-function associated with disease, the feasibility of novel isoform-selective drugs, as well as the discovery of HCN-mediated effects for old medicines. Key words: HCN channels, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathies, HCN blockers, [[beta].sub.3]-adrenoceptors. Resume : Les proteines activees par l'hyperpolarisation et modulees par les nucleotides cycliques (HCN) sont des canaux ioniques dependants du voltage conduisant les ions [Na.sup.+] comme les ions [K.sup.+], inhibes par des concentrations millimolaires de [Cs.sup.+] extracellulaire et modules par des nucleotides cycliques (principalement l'AMPc) qui participent de maniere cruciale a l'activite de pacemaker des cellules cardiaques nodales et de pacemakers accessoires. Au cours des dernieres decennies, beaucoup d'attention s'est centree sur le courant HCN dans les cellules sans activite de pacemaker et sur son role eventuel dans le declenchement d'arythmies. En fait, en plus des pacemakers, le courant HCN est present de maniere constitutive dans les oreillettes humaines et on propose depuis longtemps qu'il soutienne des arythmies auriculaires associees a differentes pathologies cardiaques, ou declenchees par divers signaux de modulation (catecholamines, serotonine, peptides natriuretiques). Les proprietes des courants [I.sub.f] auriculaires et ventriculaires, ainsi que leur modulation par des interventions pharmacologiques ont fait l'objet d'intenses etudes, portant notamment sur la synthese et la caracterisation de nouveaux composes permettant d'inhiber de maniere preferentielle les isoformes HCN1, HCN2 ou HCN4. Dans l'ensemble, des indices se manifestent quant a des occasions de strategies pharmacologiques futures exploitant les proprietes uniques de cette famille de canaux : la prevalence de differents sous-types de proteines HCN dans les organes et les tissus, la possibilite de cibler le gain ou la perte de fonction des proteines HCN associes aux maladies, la possibilite de developper de nouveaux medicaments selectifs pour des isoformes, ainsi que la decouverte d'effets medies par les proteines HCN avec des medicaments anciens. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: canaux HCN, arythmies, cardiomyopathies, bloqueurs HCN, recepteurs [[beta].sub.3]-adrenergiques.<br />Introduction The hyperpolarization-activated cyclic-nucleotide-gated (HCN) proteins are voltage-dependent ion channels, conducting both [Na.sup.+] and [K.sup.+] ions, blocked by millimolar concentrations of extracellular [Cs.sup.+] and modulated by cyclic nucleotides (mainly cAMP) [...]

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
00084212
Volume :
96
Issue :
10
Database :
Gale General OneFile
Journal :
Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsgcl.559210749
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2018-0115