Temperature effects and genotype-by-environment interactions in hybrids: Haldane's rule in flour beetles

The effects of temperature and genotype-by-environment interactions in the expression of Haldane's rule for hybrids of flour beetles have been examined. Haldane's rule shows that hybrid dysfunction is an indirect result of divergent adaptation to different environments. Results indicate that temperature has a significant effect on hybrid phenotype and various phenotypes react to temperature differently. It has also been proven that genetic variation with no seeming effect in conspecific populations may affect hybrid viability and morphology.