Structural analysis of iron and manganese species in iron- and manganese-promoted sulfated zirconia

A study was conducted to analyze the structural characteristics of iron and manganese species in iron and manganese-promoted sulfated zirconia. XAFS, XRD and Raman spectroscopy were utilized to carry out the analysis. The Rigaku Rint 1300 diffractometer was utilized to obtain X-ray diffraction patterns. Results indicated that the presence of manganese species on the catalyst as alpha-Mn2O3 correlated with the absence of sulfate ions.