Noctuid moths show neural and behavioural responses to sounds made by some bat-marking rings

The sounds made by certain combinations of plastic or metal rings used to mark bats for identification can be heard by tympanate moths. These sounds may then prompt escape behaviour. The lower frequency of ring sounds could make them more apparent than echolocation calls to most tympanate insects with best frequencies of between 20 kHz and 50 kHz. Further research could consider whether double-ringed bats catch fewer tympanate insects than single-ringed bats.