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Antibiotic resistance genes as an emerging environmental contaminant

Authors :
Sanderson, Haley
Fricker, Colin
Brown, R. Stephen
Majury, Anna
Liss, Steven N.
Source :
Environmental Reviews. June 1, 2016, Vol. 24 Issue 2, p205, 14 p.
Publication Year :
2016

Abstract

Emerging contaminants, including pharmaceutical and personal care products, are receiving considerable attention owing to their potential to negatively impact the environment and to pose risks to human health. The widespread use of antibiotics and their fate and transport in the environment pose further risks with respect to public health and the development of antibiotic resistant organisms (AROs). While the occurrence of AROs is important, there is increasing interest in antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). An urgent need exists to improve our understanding of the mechanisms associated with the spread and development of ARGs in both clinical and veterinary settings, the human body (gastrointestinal tract and microbiome) as well as in engineered (wastewater treatment plants) and natural (soil, sediments and water) environments. This review focuses on ARGs as an emerging environmental contaminant. The factors and mechanisms involved in ARG dissemination in a variety of environments are explored in detail. The unique challenges of ARGs with respect to policy-making and environmental monitoring are identified, and recommendations regarding how these challenges might be addressed are provided. Key words: antibiotic resistance genes, Canadian policy, emerging contaminant, monitoring, dissemination. Les nouveaux contaminants, y compris les produits pharmaceutiques et de soins personnels, recoivent beaucoup d'attention a cause des possibilites qu'ils aient un impact negatif sur l'environnement et posent un risque a la sante humaine. L'utilisation generalisee d'antibiotiques ainsi que leur devenir et leur transport dans l'environnement posent des risques supplementaires en matiere de sante publique et du developpement d'organismes resistants aux antibiotiques (ORA). Bien que l'apparition d'ORA soit importante, on s'interesse de plus en plus aux genes resistants aux antibiotiques (GRA). Il existe un besoin urgent d'ameliorer notre comprehension des mecanismes associes a la propagation et au developpement des GRA dans les milieux cliniques et veterinaires, dans le corps humain (le tractus gastro-intestinal et le microbiome) ainsi que dans les environnements artificiels (les usines de traitement des eaux usees) et naturels (le sol, les sediments et l'eau). Ce dossier porte sur les GRA en tant que nouveau contaminant environnemental. On explore en detail les facteurs et les mecanismes qui jouent un role dans la dissemination des GRA dans differents environnements. On identifie les defis particuliers poses par le GRA en matiere d'elaboration des politiques et de la surveillance de l'environnement, et on donne des recommandations a s avoir comment on pourrait relever ces defis. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : gene resistant aux antibiotiques, politique canadienne, contaminant emergent, surveillance, dissemination.<br />1. Introduction Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) should be considered a biological contaminant of emerging concern (CEC). Traditionally, the concept of a contaminant has been attributed to chemical compounds that are [...]

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
11818700
Volume :
24
Issue :
2
Database :
Gale General OneFile
Journal :
Environmental Reviews
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsgcl.458641107
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2015-0069