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The ecology and natural history of foliar bacteria with a focus on tropical forests and agroecosystems
- Source :
- The Botanical Review. June, 2015, Vol. 81 Issue 2, p105, 45 p.
- Publication Year :
- 2015
-
Abstract
- Leaves of higher plants comprise perhaps the largest bacterial substrate on earth, yet we know very little about the bacteria that occupy these spaces. In this review, we first examine the ecology and behavior of bacteria that reside on leaf surfaces. Next, we discuss the ecological implications of foliar bacteria that reside in interior portions of leaf tissues. Later, we consider the studies on foliar bacteria in tropical habitats to date. Finally, we examine evidence regarding the potential roles of foliar bacteria in structuring tropical plant communities. Bacteria colonize the phyllosphere via animal vectors or passively from soil, wind, or rain, though there are too few data to determine the relative contributions of these sources to the phyllosphere. Additionally, the degree to which parent plants transmit bacteria to offspring via seed remains unknown. We predict that high temperature, high humidity, low UV radiation, and leaf architecture in the tropical understory enable tropical leaves to support more abundant and diverse bacterial communities compared to temperate leaves. While the extent of competitive interactions among bacteria remains poorly resolved, evidence from agricultural crop species and Arabidopsis thaliana suggests that these interactions cause niche partitioning based on carbon use. The degree to which phyllobacteria and endophytes of tropical plants are pathogenic versus mutualistic or neutral remains unexplored. We hypothesize, however, that the detrimental impact of bacterial pathogens ultimately increases as the abundance of single host tree species increases, which can promote and maintain plant diversity in tropical forests. Las hojas de las plantas superiores constituyen posiblemente el sustrato bacteriologico mas extenso en el planeta, sin embargo sabemos muy poco sobre las bacterias que ocupan estos espacios. En este articulo examinamos, en primer lugar, la ecologia y el comportamiento de las bacterias que residen en las superficies de las hojas. Luego, discutimos las implicaciones ecologicas de las bacterias foliares que residen en el interior de los tejidos de las hojas. Ademas, consideramos los estudios sobre bacterias foliares en habitats tropicales a la fecha. Finalmente examinamos la evidencia que existe sobre el potencial impacto de las bacterias foliares en la estructura de comunidades de plantas tropicales. Las bacterias generalmente colonizan la filosfera a traves de vectores animales o pasivamente a traves del suelo, el viento o la lluvia, aunque hay poca informacion para determinar la contribucion relativa de estas fuentes a la filosfera. Adicionalmente, no se sabe hasta que punto ocurre una transmision bacteriana de progenitor a progenie a traves de semillas. Predecimos que las altas temperaturas, la elevada humedad, la baja radiacion ultravioleta, y la arquitectura de las hojas en el sotobosque permiten que las hojas tropicales contengan comunidades bacteriologicas mas abundantes y diversas en comparacion con hojas de clima templado. Aunque el grado de interacciones competitivas entre bacterias aun no ha sido bien entendido, evidencia de especies de interes agronomico y Arabiclopsis thaliana sugiere que estas interacciones causan particiones de nicho basadas en el uso de carbono. La naturaleza patogena, mutualista o neutra de las filobacterias y bacterias endofitas de plantas tropicales no se ha explorado hasta el momento. Nuestra hipotesis es, sin embargo, que el impacto negativo de patogenos bacterianos es mayor con el incremento en la abundancia de huespedes especificos, lo que puede promover y mantener la diversidad de plantas en los bosques tropicales. Keywords Foliarbacteria * Tropical forests * Agroecosystems * Plant diversity-Microbial ecology * Plant coexistence * Endophytes * Pathogens<br />Table of Contents I. Abstract I. Introduction A. Definitions III. Bacterial colonization and recruitment to the phyllosphere A. From soil to seedling 1. Mechanical chauffeuring B. Wind and rain C. [...]
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 00068101
- Volume :
- 81
- Issue :
- 2
- Database :
- Gale General OneFile
- Journal :
- The Botanical Review
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsgcl.418342652
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-015-9151-9