Red clover isoflavones enriched with formononetin lower serum LDL cholesterol--a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

BACKGROUND: Although postmenopausal combined hormone replacement therapy reduces the risk of hip fracture, long-term use may be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, and in women more than 10 years after menopause it is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Isoflavones, because of preferential binding to estrogen receptor beta, may retain the beneficial effects on bone but lessen the adverse effects on the breast. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to study the effects of an isoflavone obtained from red clover (Rimostil) on bone mineral density, and on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. DESIGN: In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 50 mg of Rimostil was given to women who were menopausal for at least 1 year. Bone mineral density of the spine, femoral neck and forearm and serum LDL cholesterol were measured at baseline and at 6-month intervals. The duration of follow-up was 2 years. RESULTS: There was no beneficial effect of Rimostil on bone density at any site. There was a 12% fall in serum LDL cholesterol in the Rimostil-treated arm, which was significantly greater than the 2% drop seen in the control arm (P = 0.005). European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2015) 69, 134-142; doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.207; published online 5 November 2014
INTRODUCTION After the onset of menopause, there is a rise in the serum cholesterol and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. (1) Menopausal women also experience frequent troublesome episodic hot [...]