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Multiscale characterization of spatial relationships among oxycline depth, macrozooplankton, and forage fish off Peru using geostatistics, principal coordinates of neighbour matrices (PCNMs), and wavelets
- Source :
- Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. April 1, 2012, Vol. 69 Issue 4, p740, 15 p.
- Publication Year :
- 2012
-
Abstract
- Upwelling ecosystems are particularly heterogeneous and present intense mesoscale (tens of kilometres) and sub- mesoscale (hundreds of metres to kilometres) activity that are expected to drive the distribution of the organisms and thus their interactions. Here we addressed the impact of the physical forcing in the northern Humboldt Current system off Peru, which is characterized by the presence of an intense and shallow oxygen minimum zone and used the variability of the depth of the oxycline as a proxy of the physical forcing that impacts the epipelagic communities. We analyzed simultaneous high-resolution acoustic observations of the oxycline depth, the biomass in macrozooplankton, and the biomass in pelagic fish. Three complementary methodologies were considered: (i) geostatistical methods and correlation tests, (ii) principal coordinates of neighbour matrices, and (iii) wavelet analysis. Our results highlight the relevance of a multimethod framework to characterize the multiscale relationships between marine ecosystem components. We also provided evidence that the sub-mesoscale-to-mesoscale variability of the oxycline depth drives the distribution of macrozooplankton, which further structures the distribution of forage fish in a bottom-up cascade. Les ecosystemes de zones de remontee d'eau sont particulierement heterogenes et presentent une activite intense tant a l'echelle mesoscopique (de l'ordre de dizaines de kilometres) que submesoscopique (de l'ordre de centaines de metres a quelques kilometres) qui structurerait la distribution des organismes et, de ce fait, leurs interactions. Le present article se penche sur l'effet du forcage physique dans la partie nord du systeme du Courant de Humboldt, le long des cotes peruviennes. Ce systeme est caracterise par la presence d'une intense zone de minimum d'oxygene peu profonde. La variabilite de la profondeur de l'oxycline est utilisee comme indicateur du forcage physique auquel sont assujetties les communautes epipelagiques. Des observations acoustiques simultanees de haute resolution de la profondeur de l'oxycline, de la biomasse de macrozooplancton et de la biomasse de poissons pelagiques sont analysees. Trois methodes complementaires sont prises en consideration : (i) des methodes geostatistiques et des tests de correlation, (ii) la methode des coordonnees principales de matrices de voisinage et (iii) l'analyse en ondelettes. Les resultats obtenus soulignent la pertinence d'une approche faisant appel a plusieurs methodes pour caracteriser les relations a diverses echelles entre les composantes des ecosystemes marins. Ils indiquent egalement que la variabilite aux echelles mesoscopique a sub-mesoscopique de la profondeur de l'oxycline structure la distribution du macrozooplancton et ainsi, par un effet de cascade vers le haut, la distribution du poisson fourrage. [Traduit par la Redaction]<br />Introduction The identification and explanation of the spatial variation of ecological structures is a major issue in ecology (Dale et al. 2002). Populations are spatially structured because of several factors, [...]
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 0706652X
- Volume :
- 69
- Issue :
- 4
- Database :
- Gale General OneFile
- Journal :
- Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- edsgcl.285994731
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1139/F2012-017