Cultural variations on the SIMS model

Niedenthal et al. recognize that cultural differences are important when interpreting facial expressions. Nonetheless, many of their core observations derive more from individualistic cultures than from collectivist cultures. We discuss two examples from the latter: (l) lower rates of mutual eye contact, and (2) the ubiquity of specific 'functional smiles.' These examples suggest constraints on the assumptions and applicability of the SIMS model. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X10001317