Achieving hunter-gatherer fitness in the 21.sup.st century: back to the future

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2010.04.026 Byline: James H. O'Keefe (a), Robert Vogel (b), Carl J. Lavie (c), Loren Cordain (d) Keywords: Cardiovascular health; Cross-training; Evolution; Exercise; Fitness; Hunter-gatherer; Obesity; Prevention Abstract: The systematic displacement from a very physically active lifestyle in our natural outdoor environment to a sedentary, indoor lifestyle is at the root of many of the ubiquitous chronic diseases that are endemic in our culture. The intuitive solution is to simulate the indigenous human activity pattern to the extent that this is possible and practically achievable. Suggestions for exercise mode, duration, intensity, and frequency are outlined with a focus on realigning our daily physical activities with the archetype that is encoded within our genome. Author Affiliation: (a) Mid America Heart Institute/University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City (b) University of Maryland, College Park (c) Ochsner Clinic, Jefferson, La (d) Colorado State University, Fort Collins Article Note: (footnote) Funding: There was no funding or compensation made in the writing of this article., Conflict of Interest: None., Authorship: All authors had access to the information and had a role in the writing of this manuscript.