Mutability of Y-chromosomal microsatellites: rates, characteristics, molecular bases and forensic implications

A large number of 186 Y-STR markers in nearly 2000 DNA-confirmed father-son pairs, covering an overall number of 352,999 meiotic transfers were analyzed to determine the key requirement for application of Y-chromosomal microsatellites (Y-STRs) which are widely used to infer population histories. The findings from the study might provide important insight into Y-chromosomal applications in forensic biology and identify future male individual from previous male lineage differentiation.