The magic nature of [sup.132]Sn explored through the single-particle states of [sup.133]Sn

Atomic nuclei have a shell structure (1) in which nuclei with 'magic numbers' of neutrons and protons are analogous to the noble gases in atomic physics. Only ten nuclei with the standard magic numbers of both neutrons and protons have so far been observed. The nuclear shell model is founded on the precept that neutrons and protons can move as independent particles in orbitals with discrete quantum numbers, subject to a mean field generated by all the other nucleons. Knowledge of the properties of single-particle states outside nuclear shell closures in exotic nuclei is important (2-5) for a fundamental understanding of nuclear structure and nucleo-synthesis (for example the r-process, which is responsible for the production of about half of the heavy elements). However, as a result of their short lifetimes, there is a paucity of knowledge about the nature of single-particle states outside exotic doubly magic nuclei. Here we measure the single-particle character of the levels in [sup.133]Sn that lie outside the double shell closure present at the short-lived nucleus [sup.132]Sn. We use an inverse kinematics technique that involves the transfer of a single nucleon to the nucleus. The purity of the measured single-particle states clearly illustrates the magic nature of [sup.132]Sn.
The nuclear shell model (1) explains why particular numbers of protons and/or neutrons (2, 8,28, 50 and 82, as well as 126 for neutrons) result in additional binding compared with [...]